International Comet Quarterly
Recent Comet Brightness Estimates
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Selected recent magnitude estimates (often preliminary values!), as reported to the IAU Circulars and International Comet Quarterly for currently-observable comets are given below. NOTE: in 1997, we began adding select magnitudes from fainter comets from CCD astrometry reported to the Minor Planet Center, to make the list of comets below pretty complete for observable comets seen in the last couple of months, for the convenience of observers/readers who wish to know the most recent magnitude information on fainter comets. (Definitions of the "magnitude" and other terms regarding comets are available.)
- Contributors of observations for this Web page should read this first. (Contributors of web data are expected also to contribute complete information for ICQ archiving.)
- Further Helpful Hints
NOTE that many values below should be considered preliminary, and as such the data below (and that published on IAU Circulars) should not be used in any serious analyses; furthermore, many of the best comet observers do not have their data listed below (and there is a huge difference in the quality of observations from one observer to another -- both visually and via CCD). Indeed, it is not uncommon that photometric data listed below are actually withdrawn by observers (or the ICQ Editor) due to problems, and sometimes substantial changes are made to the magnitudes before publication in the ICQ. The final, complete form of the data in the published ICQ (or in the electronic ICQ archive of photometric cometary observations) is what should be used. The data below are meant more as an informal guide to current behavior of observable comets. (In general, the data below will be kept on this page only until the detailed tabulated complements to the observations are published in the ICQ -- i.e., quarterly -- at which time they will be eliminated from this page. There is currently no plan to make ICQ-published data available on the Web, but such data are available to interested researchers upon request via e-mail, by individual comet.)
We now have a "Descriptive Information" page, reporting interesting information to supplement the magnitudes below.
At the end of the year 2000, we deleted numerals following comet names on these ICQ webpages and in the ICQ printed pages. With there being no longer a comet named "Shoemaker 2" (leaving "Shoemaker 3" and "Shoemaker 4"), the illogical and unnecessary existence of numerals following comet names makes the start of a new millennium a good time to cease using those numerals. Especially with the wonderful numbering system for short-period comets in place since 1995, whereby comets of two or more apparitions have been assigned permanent numbers, it is redundant to have numerals after a comet's name, and short-period comets of a single apparition have not gotten suffixed numerals since the change to the new designation system in 1995 anyway; for 1-apparition short-period comets discovered prior to 1995, the ICQ will begin using both new-style and old-style designations to help in the unambiguous titling of a specific comet. Indeed, as Brian Marsden noted in the January 1995 issue of the ICQ, history shows great inconsistency and problems regarding the addition of numerals to short-period comet names, and it makes sense to phase them out completely. Some people will prefer to continue using the suffixed name numerals, but we trust that there will be no ambiguity to the new ICQ policy for readers. Most observers appear to be quite comfortable with the new designation system (particularly regarding the permanently-numbered short-period comets), so this policy should not present problems for most people. The old suffixed numerals of comet names are still visible in the list of permanently numbered comets.
An asterisk (*) below denotes that correction was made in the magnitude estimate for atmospheric extinction, while a percent sign (%) incidates that magnitudes of very red comparison stars were corrected to visual magnitudes before use. A colon (:) after the magnitude estimate indicates that the estimate is approximate (uncertainty greater than +/- 0.3 mag); likewise, an ampersand (&) before the coma-diameter estimate indicates that the estimate is approximate. Below are given the Universal Time (UT) date, to 0.01 day, now in reverse chronological order ; the total magnitude estimate; the coma diameter (usually in minutes of arc), with a preceding plus (+) sign for 'artificial' coma diameters employed in CCD photometry (and an exclamation mark for limiting magnitude estimates when the comet is not seen, to denote the size of the defocused comparison-star images); the observer and observing location; and the instrument USED FOR THE MAGNITUDE ESTIMATE (with the size of the instrument indicating the size of the aperture --- i.e., the primary lens or mirror --- in centimeters or meters). In the listing below, if a comet is not seen and a limiting (stellar) magnitude given, a left bracket, [, appears before the magnitude value. A letter 'z' after a coma diameter indicates that it may have been made with a different instrument.
ALERT! Due to excessive spam-e-mailing, it is imperative that legitimate e-mail with observations sent for possible posting here should ONLY be sent in plain-ASCII text and NEVER be sent with html encoding. Also, images should only be sent in e-mails *separate* from plain-text observations, and they should ONLY be sent after first contacting us at ICQCSC@EPS.HARVARD.EDU to inquire if we'd like to receive images (some select photographers who routinely send high-quality images to the ICQ have a long-time exemption from this rule). Our anti-spam software automatically deletes e-mail with html-encoding and images or MIME-encoding (or anything that does not appear as plain text), so your e-mail may never reach us if you do not follow these guidelines. [11/27/07]
NOTE: Please do not send e-mail with html coding or MIME encoded (or any other encoded way)! Please only send e-mail as straight or plain ASCII text. When sending data for inclusion in this webpage and/or on the IAU Circulars, please send data as listed below, EXCEPT give them chronologically (not in reverse chronological order as given below) and please also give the month on each line of observation (rather than blanks as shown below for second and third observations in the same month). Be sure to give diacritical marks in TeX form (described elsewhere in these webpages). Please send observations daily only for urgent objects -- comets in outburst, comets close to the earth, or novae/variable stars that are rapidly changing their brightness (for IAUCs). Routine comet observational data should be sent only once every week or two, as daily e-mail from dozens of observers can be very difficult to deal with. Please put "CCD [or visual] comet photometry for webpage [or ICQ]" in subject heading.
COMETS LISTED BELOW BY DESIGNATION (unnumbered comets first, numbered comets second). Jump directly to comet: C/2007 N3 (Lulin), or 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, or 103P/Hartley..
NOTE: when a comet is large in size, as comet 17P has been in Nov. 2007, normal binoculars cannot defocus enough to produce proper magnitude estimates, leading to values that are too faint; special instruments are needed for comets larger than about 10' or 15' in size (such instruments include binoculars with detached eyepieces, or 1x monoculars constructed from two binocular objective lenses).
COMET C/2006 OF2 (Broughton) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 19.61, 16.7, 0'.6 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); COMET C/2006 Q1 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Sept. 4.80, 18.1, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); July 15.90, 18.0, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 4.92, 18.3, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET C/2006 S3 (LONEOS) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Aug. 28.92, 13.8, 1'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 5.90, 13.4, 0'.3 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); July 5.98, 13.7, 0'.9 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); June 28.96, 14.1, 1'.6 (P. Horalek, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 28.92, 13.7, 0'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 27.92, 13.7, 0'.9 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 24.98, 14.0, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 4.05, 13.2, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2.96, 14.4, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 2.01, 14.6, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 1.03, 14.5, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); May 31.00, 14.6, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 30.01, 14.6, 1'.0 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 26.00, 14.5, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 10.04, 14.1, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 8.05, 14.4, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 2010 Oct. 12.81, 14.4, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 11.77, 14.4, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 10.84, 15.0, 0'.2 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 10.81, 14.3, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 9.81, 14.3, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Sept. 6.79, 15.5, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); Aug. 11.88, 15.2, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); July 18.26, 15.4, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely, 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.); COMET C/2006 W3 (Christensen) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Sep. 10.51, 11.9, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.37, 13.2, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); July 18.17, 12.1, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.12, 11.9, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); June 19.77, 12.1, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.25, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 18.63, 10.2, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.54, 10.4, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.29, 11.6, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 10.46, 10.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.46, 10.3, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.34, 11.3, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.46, 9.8, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 8.34, 11.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.76, 11.8, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); May 23.31, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 22.31, 11.6, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 22.14, 10.5, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.37, 10.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 14.23, 11.4, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 13.74, 10.2, 2'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 11.77, 11.9, 2'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.72, 12.4, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Apr. 25.31, 11.7, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 25.75, 10.7, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.67, 10.7, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 22.73, 11.0, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.75, 10.2, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 17.31, 11.7, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 10.74, 12.4, > 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector); Mar. 25.73, 10.0, 6' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.73, 10.6, 6' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.32, 11.5, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 13.34, 11.2:, 1'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds); COMET C/2006 S3 (LONEOS) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Sep. 10.53, 13.8, 0'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Oct. 13.75, 14.3, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 12.75, 14.3, 0'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 11.72, 14.3, 0'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 10.75, 14.3, 0'.9 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 9.75, 14.0, 0'.9 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); June 4.01, 12.3, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); May 17.05, 12.8, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.83, 14.0, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 3.47, 12.6, 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.49, 12.4, 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 1.48, 12.4, 1'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 30.97, 14.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 25.72, 12.8*, 0'.8 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 20.84, 12.2, 0'.9 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 17.84, 11.9, 5' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 12.88, [11.8, -- (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 12.85, 12.0, 1' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 4.86, 11.3, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; 0.1-deg tail in p.a. 270 deg); 3.97, 12.0, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 3.93, 11.6, -- (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector; northern lights); 3.93, 11.6, -- (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 2.86, 11.4, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Mar. 21.70, 12.2, 1'.3 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 21.70, 12.6*, 1'.6 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 19.89, 12.8, 1' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 19.72, 11.7, 2'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); 17.85, 12.5, 0'.9 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 15.18, 11.4, 2'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.72, 12.6, 0'.9 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 11.72, 12.4, 1'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 10.71, 12.1, 1'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 10.13, 11.3, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.92, 10.7, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.82, 11.0, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Feb. 21.29, 11.0:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 20.80, 11.8, 2'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); 20.19, 11.1, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 17.90, 11.0, 3'.5 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 16.93, 11.2, 3'.5 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 15.03, 10.7, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 13.79, 10.6, 2'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 11.70, 11.2, 2'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.06, 11.3, 1'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.93, 12.1, 2' (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 7.31, 10.3:, 2'5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight and clouds); COMET C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring): Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 30.78, 16.3, 0'.6 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 25.74, 16.4, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); June 3.00, [15.6, ! 0'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 2.00, [15.3, ! 0'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 2010 Oct. 12.78, 14.8, 0'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 11.75, 14.8, 0'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 10.78, 14.6, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 9.78, 14.6, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Sept.30.75, 15.9, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 4.79, 15.9, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); Aug. 24.82, 15.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 11.85, 15.7, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 7.96, 14.7, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.53, [14.8, ! 0'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); July 29.81, 15.2, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 28.82, 15.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 15.88, 15.8, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 10.84, 15.5, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 9.80, 15.3, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 8.82, 14.2, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 4.91, 15.7, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); June 30.84, 14.7, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 17.96, 15.6, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.87, 15.6, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); Apr. 10.17, 14.5, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2008 S3 (Boattini) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 27.82, 17.9, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET C/2009 F4 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Jan. 19.48, 13.5, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 16.46, 13.5, 0'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 2011 June 23.38, 13.9, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.39, 13.7, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.44, 13.1, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.43, 13.3, 0'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET C/2009 K5 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Dec. 4.80, [14.5, ! 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Nov. 13.98, 11.3, 4'.2 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 5.58, [13.8, ! 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Oct. 18.18, 11.3, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.10, 11.9, 1'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 14.01, 11.5, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.10, 11.8, 2'.1 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 12.01, 11.8, 1'.9 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 12.00, 11.9, 4' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 11.10, 11.6, 2'.1 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 10.10, 11.6, 2'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 10.09, 11.5, 4'.3 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); Sep. 17.00, 10.9, 4' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 12.02, 10.2, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 10.08, 11.0, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.08, 10.9, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 5.08, 11.0, 2' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Aug. 20.17, 10.8, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.92, 12.0:, 1'.2 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 15.90, 11.6, 1'.3 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 10.92, 10.9, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 7.75, 11.4, 1'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 6.91, 10.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.90, 10.3, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); July 18.03, 9.4, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.90, 9.5, 3' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 12.90, 9.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 11.93, 10.7, 1'.6 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 11.90, 9.3, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 10.89, 9.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 9.90, 9.2, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 8.90, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 7.89, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 4.96, 9.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 4.90, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 3.89, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 2.89, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); June 30.85, 10.4, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 29.90, 9.4, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 28.91, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 27.92, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 26.98, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 25.90, 9.2, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 23.90, 9.0, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 22.90, 9.0, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 22.08, 8.4, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars; 0.2-deg tail in p.a. 20 deg); 19.90, 8.9, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 18.09, 8.5, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 17.92, 9.9, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 15.07, 8.4, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Zamora, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 11.91, 8.6, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 7.94, 8.5, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 7.04, 8.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 6.90, 8.8, 8' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars); 6.85, 8.9, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 6.83, 10.0, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 5.03, 8.3, 8' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor); 4.02, 8.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 3.93, 8.2, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 3.8, 8.8, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); May 31.20, 8.3, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 29.17, 8.0, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 25.45, 8.2, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 23.75, 8.6, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; smog; severe city lights); 22.78, 8.5:, 3' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; barely seen; smog; city lights); 22.09, 8.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 22.01, 8.6, 5'.5 (R. Kostenko, Poltava, Ukraine, 20x90 binoculars); 20.88, 8.6, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 19.18, 8.4, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 17.45, 8.5, 3' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 17.03, 8.1, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 16.90, 9.0, 6' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 13.83, 8.6, 7' (D. Sidorko, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 12.74, 8.3, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 11.73, 8.3, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 10.19, 8.4, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 9.92, 10.5, 1'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.73, 8.4, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 6.83, 8.3, 7' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; moonlight); 3.50, 8.3, 5'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.92, 8.0, -- (E. Lyytinen, Helsinki, Finland, 20x80 binoculars); 2.52, 8.5, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 1.96, 8.3, 4' (K. Pukero, Kotka, Finland, 0.20-m reflector); 1.52, 8.2, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 30.99, 10.1, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 27.87, 8.6:, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight; smog, haze); 25.79, 8.3*, 5' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 23.39, 8.1, 5' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 21.33, 8.1, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 11 degrees); 20.38, 8.1, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 19.38, 8.1, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 18.33, 8.2, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 15 degrees); 18.06, 8.0, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 17.36, 8.2, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 17.33, 8.2, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars, comet alt. 17 degrees); 17.11, 8.1, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 17.07, 7.9, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 16.38, 8.2, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 15.39, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 14.34, 8.2, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 13.76, 7.8, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.35, 8.3, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 12.86, 8.5, 7' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 12.35, 8.2, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 12.33, 8.7, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 17 degrees); 11.36, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 11.35, 8.3, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; twilight); 10.77, 8.5, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 10.35, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 10.33, 8.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 10.12, 8.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 10.07, 8.1, 4' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 9.36, 8.3, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 9.08, 8.2, 4' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 8.86, 8.4, 5' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0cm-refractor; city lights; moonlight); 8.38, 8.3, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 7.33, 8.4, 5'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 7.10, 8.1, 2' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 7.05, 8.4, 5'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor); 7.01, 9.1, 2'.1 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 6.06, 8.6, 5' (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor); 6.04, 7.8, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 5.84, 8.5, 5' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 5.07, 8.1, 2' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 5.04, 8.3, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 4.07, 8.5, 3' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights, moonlight); 3.94, 8.4, 4'.6 (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector; northern lights); 3.94, 8.4, 7'.7 (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector); Mar. 27.89, 8.5:, 4' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight); 27.19, 8.5, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 25.74, 8.1, 7' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.71, 8.5, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 21.76, 8.9, 2'.9 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 20.34, 8.9, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 19.97, 7.9:, 7'.7 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 19.73, 8.2, 5'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector); 18.92, 8.2, 5'.5 (A. Novichonok, Kondopoga, Russia, 20x80 binoculars); 18.72, 8.9, 5' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 18.06, 9.2, 4'.6 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 16.72, 8.7, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.19, 9.1, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.33, 9.2, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 11.98, 8.2, 5'.2 (A. Novichonok, Kondopoga, Russia, 20x80 binoculars); 10.15, 9.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 15 deg); Feb. 21.31, 10.4, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 20.22, 10.2, 2'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.85, 10.9, 1'.6 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 12.71, 10.5, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 11.72, 11.4, 1'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET C/2009 O2 (Catalina) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 16.94, 10.7:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 18 degrees); 11.94, 10.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 13-14 degrees); 11.91, [10.4, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 14 degrees); 9.93, 10.4:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight, alt. 12 degrees); Mar. 18.50, 11.8, 1'.5 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, 0.2-m reflector); 15.20, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.48, 11.3, 3'.0 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, 0.2-m reflector); 10.16, 10.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 14 deg); Feb. 20.85, 12.2*, 1'.3 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + V filter); 20.24, 11.9, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 19.53, 13.3*, 1'.4 (H. Sato, Tokyo, Japan, 25-cm reflector + CCD + V filter); COMET C/2009 P1 (Garradd) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Feb. 4.08, 7.2, 6' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 11.0-cm reflector); 3.07, 7.3, 5' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 11.0-cm reflector); Jan. 26.23, 7.0, 10' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 25.23, 7.0, 8' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 22.05, 7.5, 5' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 11.0-cm reflector); 21.95, 7.5, 12' (A. Novichonok, Nam Cat Tien, Vietnam, 7x50 binoculars); 18.19, 6.7, 7' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 10x50 binoculars); 16.23, 6.9, 8' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 3.26, 6.9, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 2.85, 7.3, 6' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 1.22, 7.2, 9' (S. Baroni, Milan, Italy, 20x80 binoculars); 2011 Dec. 27.68, 8.0, 4'.2 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 25.85, 7.4, 6' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 22.85, 7.4, 6' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 22.77, 6.8, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; alt. 11 deg); 7.25, 6.7, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; alt. 8 deg); Nov. 26.78, 6.9, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 25.73, 6.6, 8'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 10x50 binoculars); 25.72, 8.4, 6'.5 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 25.38, 7.7, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.38, 7.8, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.37, 7.4, 5' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 23.78, 7.3, 4' (J. J. Chambo, Valencia, Spain, 20x60 binoculars); 17.80, 7.1, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; 1.1-deg tail in p.a. 50 deg); 17.38, 7.5, 5' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 16.41, 7.3, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 14.40, 7.4, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 13.71, 6.7, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 8x24 binoculars); 1.94, 7.2, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight; alt. 15 deg); 1.74, 7.9, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor; moonlight); Oct. 29.85, 7.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 29.52, 7.4, 6'.1 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; severe city lights); 27.69, 6.9, 8' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 20x110 binoculars); 26.49, 7.7, 7' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 23.84, 6.9, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 22.77, 7.0, 7'.3 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 10x50 binoculars); 22.75, 7.4, 9' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 22.70, 7.5, 5' (Kazimieras Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars); 21.93, 7.5, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor); 20.86, 8.5, 5'.6 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 18.71, 6.7, 8' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 20x110 binoculars); 16.94, 7.5, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor); 16.75, 7.2, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 15.80, 6.9, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 10.45, 6.9, 12' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 10x70 refractor; strong moonlight); 7.44, 6.8, 12' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 10x70 refractor); 5.93, 7.2, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor; moonlight); 3.94, 7.3, 4' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 2.81, 6.5, 9' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 20x110 binoculars); 2.76, 7.6, 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 1.01, 6.8, 4' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); Sep. 30.93, 6.8, 4' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 30.89, 7.2, 9' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 30.75, 7.4, 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 29.93, 7.5, 3'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor); 28.93, 6.9, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 28.78, 7.2, 2'.1 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 10x50 binoculars); 27.94, 7.2, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor); 26.92, 6.9, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 26.85, 7.1, 9' (B. H. Granslo, Lillomarka, Oslo, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 26.83, 7.3, 1'.9 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 10x50 binoculars); 25.86, 7.2, 9' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 25.85, 6.9, 12' (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 25.84, 6.8, 13' (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 24.85, 6.9, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 24.82, 7.5, 5' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 24.78, 7.1, 8' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; city lights); 24.47, 7.3, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 23.81, 7.6, 3' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 23.81, 8.0, 6' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 22.93, 6.9, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 22.82, 7.1, 9' (B. H. Granslo, Lillomarka, Oslo, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 21.44, 7.2, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 20.82, 7.4, 10' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 20.00, 6.8, 9' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 19.89, 6.7, 12' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 19.88, 7.1, 10' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 19.01, 7.0, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 18.95, 6.9, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 17.82, 7.6, & 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 17.77, 7.2, 7' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; city lights); 16.78, 7.4, 5' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; city lights); 16.77, 7.6, 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights, full moon at low alt.); 15.78, 7.6, 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights, full moon at low alt.); 14.96, 7.0, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 13.95, 7.1, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor; moonlight); 13.77, 7.2, & 4' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights, full moon at low alt.); 12.93, 7.2, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 10.99, 7.2, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 8.93, 7.2, 9' (B. H. Granslo, Lillomarka, Oslo, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 8.06, 7.2, -- (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight); 7.99, 7.2, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.05-m refractor); 7.04, 6.8, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 6.80, 7.5, & 3' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights, moonlight); 6.10, 7.0, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 5.98, 6.6, 9' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 9x34 binoculars); 5.14, 7.0, 10' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 4.98, 6.6, 8' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 9x34 binoculars); 4.97, 7.2, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 4.95, 7.0, 10' (W. Souza, Maresias, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 4.82, 7.8, & 3' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 4.55, 7.2, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 4.38, 6.9, 10' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 3.95, 6.9, 10' (W. Souza, Maresias, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 3.92, 7.9:, & 7' (Z. Rzepka, Lublin, Poland, 0.17-m reflector; city lights); 3.85, 6.8, 13' (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 3.08, 7.1, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 3.03, 7.0, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 3.03, 7.2, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 3.00, 6.8, 8' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 2.86, 6.9, 5' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 2.46, 7.2, 10' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 2.04, 6.5, 11' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 9x34 binoculars); 1.94, 7.2, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 1.90, 7.2, 8' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 0.16-m reflector); 1.85, 7.6, 8' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 1.10, 7.2, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 1.02, 7.2, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 1.00, 7.2, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); Aug. 31.99, 7.4, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 31.89, 7.5, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 31.69, 7.5, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 30.97, 7.4:, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.05-m refractor); 30.89, 7.1, 10' (A. Diepvens, Fecamp, France, 20x50 binoculars); 30.60, 7.0, 9'.3 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; slight haze; city lights); 30.04, 7.2, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 29.60, 6.9, 11' (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; clouds; city lights); 29.53, 7.4, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 29.10, 7.2, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 28.96, 7.5, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 28.91, 7.0, 10' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 28.90, 7.6, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 28.84, 7.8, 7' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 28.08, 7.2, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 28.03, 7.5, 7' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 27.94, 7.4, 8' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 27.88, 7.7, 6'.9 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 27.81, 7.4, 8' (S. Baroni, Milan, Italy, 20x80 binoculars); 27.58, 7.4, 7' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars; 12' tail in PA 130 deg); 27.44, 8.3, 3' (S. Yoshida, Niigata, Japan, 0.20-m reflector); 27.41, 7.4, 8' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 27.05, 7.6, 9' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 27.00, 7.0, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 26.91, 7.6, 6' (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 26.88, 7.5, 10' (M. Lehky, Vyskov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; 0.6-deg tail in p.a. 140 deg); 26.85, 7.6, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 26.42, 7.3, 9' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 26.06, 7.5, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 25.93, 7.6, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 25.75, 7.4, 9' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 25.65, 7.0, 10'.6 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 25.55, 7.2, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 25.05, 7.8, 8' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 24.95, 7.1, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 24.08, 7.6, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 23.93, 7.6, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 23.75, 7.2, 9' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 23.53, 7.2, -- (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 6x35 binoculars); 22.96, 7.5, 6' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 22.93, 7.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 22.75, 7.3, 9' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 22.66, 7.1, 9'.4 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 22.40, 7.5, 10' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 21.96, 7.1, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 21.40, 7.2, 9' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 20.96, 7.5, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 20.95, 7.5, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 20.94, 7.8, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 20.85, 7.8, 7' (M. L. Paradowski, Stroza-Kolonia, Poland, 25x100 binoculars); 20.40, 7.2, 10' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 19.95, 7.3, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 19.85, 8.6, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 19.61, 7.4, 9'.1 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 19.48, 7.9, 6' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 19.46, 7.2, 12' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 19.04, 7.8, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 18.85, 7.8, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 18.82, 7.3, 8' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 0.16-m Newtonian reflector); 18.33, 7.2, 12' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 17.92, 7.9, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 17.90, 7.4, 9' (Giuseppe Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 17.55, 7.5, 8'.9 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights; thin clouds); 17.51, 7.6, 9' (A. Novichonok, Nam Cat Tien, Vietnam, 20x80 binoculars); 17.04, 7.8, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 16.96, 7.9, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 16.96, 7.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor); 16.51, 7.4, 9' (A. Novichonok, Nam Cat Tien, Vietnam, 20x80 binoculars); 16.06, 7.8:, -- (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference 14.10, 7.6, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference 13.10, 7.6, 6' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference 12.96, 8.1, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 10.79, 7.9, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 9.92, 7.7, 5' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 9.73, 8.5, 4'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 9.01, 7.8, 6' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 8.96, 8.6, 6' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 8.92, 7.6, 10' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 8.84, 8.1, 5' (S. Baroni, Milan, Italy, 20x80 binoculars); 8.84, 8.5, 3'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 8-cm refractor); 8.78, 7.7, 5' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 20.0-cm reflector); 8.25, 7.7, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 8.15, 7.6, 10' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 8.12, 7.7, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 8.04, 8.1, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 7.98, 7.8, 6' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 10x50 binoculars); 7.87, 8.0, 5' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 7.17, 7.8, 7' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 7.16, 8.1, 7' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 7.06, 7.7, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 6.99, 7.6, 10' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 6.95, 7.5, 10' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 5.0-cm refractor); 6.12, 7.8, 7' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 6.03, 7.7, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 6.01, 7.5, 10' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 5.93, 8.0, 5' (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 5.10, 7.8, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 5.08, 8.0, 7' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 4.44, 7.4, 10' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 4.16, 8.1, 6' (A. Pereira, Carnaxide, Portugal, 14x100 binoculars); 4.14, 7.9, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 4.03, 7.7, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 3.93, 8.2, 4'.3 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.25-m reflector); 3.10, 8.0, 7' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 Binoculars); 3.07, 8.0, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 2.96, 8.1, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 2.89, 8.1, 5' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 2.81, 7.9, 6'.8 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 2.02, 7.8, 10' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 1.99, 8.3, 4' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.20-m reflector); 1.88, 7.9, 6' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 1.81, 8.0, 6'.9 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights; smog); 1.61, 8.2, 6'.2 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 1.00, 8.1, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); July 31.44, 7.6, 9' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 31.31, 8.5, -- (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, Hawaii, 0.20-m reflector); 31.00, 8.3, 4' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.20-m reflector); 30.92, 8.4, 4' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 11.0-cm reflector) 30.19, 8.2, 8' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 29.92, 8.5, 4' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 11.0-cm reflector);; 29.59, 8.5, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 29.22, 8.2, 7' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 28.98, 8.4, 3'.5 (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.10-m refractor); 28.87, 8.1, 8' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 0.16-m Newtonian); 28.55, 8.5, 4'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 28.23, 8.2, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 28.01, 8.5, 3'.0 (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.20-m reflector); 27.98, 8.1, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 27.91, 8.0, 7' (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 5.0-cm refractor); 27.87, 8.2, 8' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 0.16-m reflector); 27.79, 8.2, 8'.0 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 27.30, 8.2, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 27.09, 8.2, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 26.79, 8.3, 9'.4 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 26.30, 8.3, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 26.14, 8.4, 5' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 26.10, 8.3, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 24.81, 8.3, 6'.5 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; moonlight; city lights; smog); 24.17, 8.4, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 23.83, 8.4, 8'.1 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; moonlight; city lights); 23.21, 8.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight); 23.08, 8.4, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 22.95, 8.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 22.91, 8.7, 2' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 22.83, 8.4, 7'.1 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; moonlight; city lights); 17.14, 8.6, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight interference); 14.84, 8.5, 6'.0 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; thin clouds; strong moonlight; city lights); 12.78, 8.6, 3'.7 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 12.01, 8.8, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 11.98, 8.7, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 11.60, 9.2, 3'.8 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 10.35, 8.9, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 10.17, 9.0, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 9.16, 8.6, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector); 7.59, 8.8, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 6.94, 8.9, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 6.37, 8.9, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector); 6.00, 8.9, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 5.99, 9.6, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD unfiltered); 5.37, 8.9, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector); 5.09, 8.6, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 4.69, 8.9, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 1.12, 8.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); June 30.00, 9.3, 8' (P. Horalek, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 11x70 binoculars; 0.2-deg tail in p.a. 265 deg); 29.82, 9.6, 2'.5 (Sergey E. Shurpakov, Baran', Belarus, 41-cm reflector); 29.02, 9.5, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, binoculars 25x100); 29.01, 9.4, 8' (P. Horalek, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 11x70 binoculars; 0.2-deg tail in p.a. 265 deg); 28.76, 8.9, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 28.36, 9.0, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector); 28.02, 9.6, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, binoculars 25x100); 27.01, 9.6, 3' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 26.97, 9.0, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 26.77, 10.6, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 25.21, 9.2, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 25.01, 9.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 15 deg); 25.00, 9.3, 4'.5 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.10-m binoculars); 24.59, 9.6, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.75, 9.9, 4'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 4.10, 9.4, 5'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 19 deg); 3.77, 9.9, 3'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.34, 10.1, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 3.04, 9.4, 4'.2 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.10-m binoculars); 2.34, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 2.05, 9.5, 4'.2 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.10-m binoculars); 1.34, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 1.03, 9.5, 4'.4 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.10-m binoculars); May 31.34, 10.1, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 31.05, 9.6, 4'.0 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.10-m binoculars); 30.35, 10.1, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 30.03, 9.6, 3'.8 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.10-m binoculars); 28.17, 10.1, 0'.8 (W. Hasubick, Kiripotib, Namibia, 20-cm reflector); 15.14, 9.9, 2'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 11 deg); 3.71, 11.1, 2' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25.4-cm reflector); Apr. 23.26, 12.6, +25" (D. Bodewits, University of Maryland; 30-cm Swift Space Telescope + UVOT V-band filter); Jan. 3.98, 10.5:, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 21 deg; uncertain obs.); 2010 Dec. 31.98, [10.3, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 25 deg); 31.44, 13.0, 1'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 30.97, 10.7, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 29.44, 13.8, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 4.39, 13.0, 1'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; low alt.); Nov. 25.43, 13.2, 0'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 24.79, 11.5, 2'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 14 deg); 8.46, 13.6, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 7.96, 12.3, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 6.40, 11.5, 1'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Oct. 29.96, 12.8, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Sep. 11.61, 14.5, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.54, 13.7, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 2.38, 14.2, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 2.12, [13.0, -- (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Aug. 20.10, 12.8, 0'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2009 R1 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 July 4.87, [5.0, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); June 28.88, 4.4, & 4' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; twilight and moonlight; comet alt. 5 deg); 27.88, 5.8, 2' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor; alt. 5 deg); 26.95, 5.4, 3' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 19x70 binoculars; alt. 9 deg; twilight); 25.88, 5.2, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars); 25.02, 4.6*, & 4' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; twilight; alt. 10.5 deg); 24.03, 5.2, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars); 23.03, 5.6, 4' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor; 0.5-deg tail in p.a. 330 deg); 23.03, 5.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars); 22.89, 4.7*, 8' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; moonlight; alt. 8.5 deg); 22.11, 5.2, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye); 20.98, 5.5, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 18.93, 5.1, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars) 18.10, 5.5, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; 1.5-deg tail in p.a. 320 deg); 17.96, 5.2, 6' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 25x100 binoculars; city lights; alt. 12 deg); 17.85, 5.0:, 3' (M.-T. Hui = W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight; alt. 10 deg); 16.92, 5.3, 6' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; city lights; alt. 10 deg); 16.91, 5.9, 8' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 15x70 binoculars); 15.93, 5.6, 3' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars; twilight); 15.10, 5.4, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Zamora, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; 2.2-deg tail in p.a. 305 deg); 14.93, 5.3, 3'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 14.93, 5.5, 6' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15-cm reflector); 13.95, 5.1, 3' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 13.94, 5.6, 5' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15-cm reflector); 12.95, 4.9, 6' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 11.97, 5.3, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars); 11.87, 5.2, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 11.03, 5.7, 5' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye); 10.9, 5.5, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 10.02, 5.9, 5' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 285 deg); 9.89, 5.6, 6'.8 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars); 9.76, 5.4, -- (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 8.76, 5.5, -- (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 8.02, 6.0, 6' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 40' tail in p.a. 285 deg); 8.00, 5.8, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars); 7.37, 5.7*, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 6 degrees); 7.37, 5.8*, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; moonlight, nautical twilight); 7.08, 6.7, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.05, 5.4, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 7.01, 5.7, 6' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 1.8-deg tail in p.a. 280 deg); 6.97, 5.8, 5' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars; twilight); 6.37, 5.5, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; alt. 7 deg); 6.36, 6.3*, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight); 6.03, 6.0, 4' (M. Tichy, Klet, Czech Rep., 10x50 binoculars); 6.02, 5.2, 4' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 1.2-deg tail in p.a. 280 deg); 5.99, 5.5, 7' (M. Kusiak, Zywiec, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 5.98, 5.4, 8' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; city lights; alt. 14.5 deg); 5.93, 5.6, 8' (A. Manannikov, Ramenskoye, Russia, 20-cm reflector; twilight); 5.75, 5.3, 5'.1 (K. Nagashima, Ikoma, Japan, 10x50 binoculars); 5.02, 6.2, 3' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor); 4.04, 6.4, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 4.00, 6.3, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 20x80 binoculars); 3.05, 6.7, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 1.76, 6.8, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 1.07, 6.5, 5' (S. Baroni, Milan, Italy, 20x80 binoculars); May 31.36, 7.1, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference); 29.84, 6.9, 5'.1 (M.-T. Hui = W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; slight smog; city lights); 27.36, 7.3, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference); 26.35, 6.8, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 25.75, 7.3, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 25.46, 7.3, 5' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 10x50 binoculars); 24.85, 7.2, 5' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; smog; city lights;); 23.84, 7.0, 5'.4 (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; smog; city lights;); 23.35, 7.8, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 23.0, 8.2, 3'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 22.35, 7.7, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 22.10, 7.2, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 22.05, 7.5, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 18.77, 7.6, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 17.83, 8.5, 5' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; smoke, haze); 17.46, 8.2, 3' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 17.14, 7.8, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 16.35, 8.5, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 15.76, 8.0, 9'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.33, 8.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds); 14.79, 8.6, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 14.77, 8.5, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 14.33, 9.1:, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds); 13.78, 8.0, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.78, 9.0, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 11.78, 9.2, 3'.7 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 11.77, 8.3, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.76, 9.1, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.78, 9.6, 3'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 1.77, 10.9, 1'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 25.76, 9.8, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 25.33, 10.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 23.40, 9.9, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 22.76, 9.9, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 21.35, 10.1, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 20.76, 10.1, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.39, 10.0, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 19.40, 10.0, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 18.40, 10.2:, -- (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars; zodiacal light); 18.35, 10.2, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight); 17.35, 10.2:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight); 16.39, 10.1, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 15.40, 10.2, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 14.36, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 13.77, 11.6, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.38, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 12.37, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 12.35, 10.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 23 degrees); 11.34, 10.7:, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight); 10.20, 10.2, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 8 deg); 9.40, 10.3, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 8.41, 10.3, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); COMET C/2009 U3 (Hill) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 8.85, 13.3, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2009 Y1 (Catalina) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Sep. 26.90, 12.5, 1'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 11.5 deg); Aug. 9.78, 13.6:, 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2010 Dec. 4.41, 12.9, 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Nov. 28.84, 12.8, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 27.75, 13.2, 1' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 6.41, 13.2, 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 5.54, 13.6, 0'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Oct. 18.13, 13.3, 0'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.91, 14.0, 1' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); 8.89, 14.1, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); COMET P/2010 A3 (Hill) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.49, 16.5*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Jan. 25.82, 16.0, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); COMET P/2010 A5 (LINEAR) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 May 6.46, 14.1, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Apr. 25.75, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Mar. 19.77, 15.7, 0'.4 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); 15.16, 14.5, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Jan. 30.13, 16.4, 0'.2 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); 23.16, 16.2, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); COMET C/2010 B1 (Cardinal) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Feb. 5.78, 14.1, 0'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 2010 Dec. 31.45, 13.5, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 29.47, 13.2, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.55, 13.9, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.55, 13.7, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Nov. 13.22, 13.8, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 6.79, 14.3, 0'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Jan. 30.18, 17.0, 0'.2 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); 22.80, 17.2, 0'.2 (D. Chestnov and T. Kryachko, near Nizhny Arkhyz, Russia, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET C/2010 F1 (Boattini) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 19.68, 18.2, 0'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); COMET C/2010 F4 (Machholz) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 27.18, 10.7, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 26.83, 11.0, 1'.3 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi-ken, Japan, 0.25-m reflector; DC = 3); 26.82, 12.3, 1'.5 (K. Kadota, Ageo, Japan, 25-cm reflector + CCD; through clouds); COMET C/2010 G1 (Boattini) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.47, 14.5:*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 5.91, 13.2, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2010 G2 (Hill) Mar. 28.89, 14.1, 0'.6 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 2012 Jan. 20.46, 12.6, 4'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.44, 12.0, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.77, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.55, 11.8, 2'.3 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; thin clouds; strong moonlight); 4.75, 13.1, -- (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector; moonlight); 4.04, 10.9, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight, clouds); 3.46, 13.2, -- (E. Guido, N. Howes, and G. Sostero, remotely using a 2.0-m reflector + CCD at Siding Spring, Australia; starlike appearance); 2.83, 13.1, 57" (Erik Bryssinck, Kruibeke, Belgium, 0.4-m astrograph + CCD); 2011 Dec. 28.87, 14.9, -- (Erik Bryssinck, Kruibeke, Belgium, 0.4-m astrograph + CCD); 22.81, 9.9, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 18.94, 12.0, 3'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 7.20, 9.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Nov. 26.80, 9.6, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 25.42, 9.9, 6' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 25.17, 10.6, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 24.56, 9.9, 7'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.18, 9.8, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 21.87, 10.5, 5' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 17.89, 10.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 17.85, 11.5, 0'.9 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 8.20, 10.0, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Oct. 29.99, 9.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector_; 28.78, 10.6, 4' (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 27.31, 10.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 26.83, 10.8, 4'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 20.97, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.17, 10.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.77, 10.7, 6'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 7.76, 10.5, 5'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 3.08, 10.3, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.98, 10.4, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.09, 10.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.08, 10.3, 7'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Sep. 30.14, 12.0, 1'.2 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 30.02, 10.5, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 27.06, 10.6, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 26.10, 10.6, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.16, 9.9, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 24.96, 10.7, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 24.16, 11.8, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 23.77, 10.6, 3'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 7.08, 10.0, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.95, 10.6, 3'.7 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 3.08, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2.84, 10.7, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Aug. 28.96, 10.8, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.99, 10.9, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 8.15, 10.0, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 6.94, 12.5, 1'.0 (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); July 31.93, 10.1, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 27.92, 10.4, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 22.92, 10.4, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.99, 12.5, 1'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 4.94, 11.3, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); June 29.95, 12.6, 1' (Sergey E. Shurpakov, Baran', Belarus, 41-cm reflector); 28.97, 14.5, 0'.3 (P. Horalek, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 24.99, 11.5, 1'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2.97, 13.9, 1'.6 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 1.92, 13.8, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 1.02, 13.9, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); May 30.93, 14.0, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 29.90, 13.3, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 25.92, 13.4, 1'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 23.92, 14.2, 1'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 21.94, 13.6, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 9.99, 13.7, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 7.98, 13.8, 1'.1 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 7.94, 13.5, 1'.4 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 6.98, 14.0, 1'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 5.98, 14.0, 1'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 5.00, 13.9, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 1.94, 14.1, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); Apr. 30.89, 13.2 , 0' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 26.96, 13.2, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 23.94, 13.7, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 22.91, 14.0, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 29.92, 14.0, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); COMET P/2010 H2 (VALES) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 June 17.82, 14.7, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 3.95, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); May 23.63, 11.3, 1'.5 (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; strong moonlight, city lights;); 22.06, 11.3, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 21.12, 12.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 17.06, 12.7, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 16.99, 11.5, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.88, 11.6, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 14.16, 12.5, 1'.2 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 13.43, 11.0, 2'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.12, 12.5:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; haze); 11.43, 11.7, 2'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.41, 12.5, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.87, 11.9, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 9.47, 11.2, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 8.14, 12.3, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.96, 11.9, 2' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 0.25-m reflector; twilight); 7.69, 12.2, 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 7.49, 10.6, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.40, 11.1, 3'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.40, 11.6, 1'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.00, 12.2, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 2.55, 11.7, 1'.9 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.36, 11.7, 1'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 1.50, 11.7, 1'.9 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 25.67, 12.3*, 1'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 23.63, 11.7, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 22.55, 11.3, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 22.02, 11.5, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 21.56, 11.7, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.83, 12.7, 0'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 20.42, 11.0, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.95, 11.7, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 19.08, 11.5, 0'.7 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 18.15, 11.7, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 16.98, 12.7, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; stellar appearance); COMET P/2010 JC81 (WISE) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 7.79, [13.5, ! 0'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Sept. 7.17, 13.5, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2010 L3 (Catalina) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 June 19.33, 19.2, < 0'.2 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely using a 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.); COMET C/2010 S1 (LINEAR) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Nov. 25.41, 13.6, 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; involved with mag-13.6 star); 24.59, 13.6, 0'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Oct. 30.81, 14.7, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 25.78, 14.4, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 18.79, 14.8, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 7.75, 14.3, 0'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.88, 14.3, 0'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Sep. 29.86, 13.8, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 28.85, 13.8, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.84, 13.7, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 24.84, 13.7, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 3.91, 13.6, 0'.54 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); Aug. 6.90, 13.7, 0'.7 (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 4.03, 13.5, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2010 Oct. 4.03, 17.8, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET P/2010 V1 (IKEYA-MURAKAMI) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Dec. 4.86, [11.5, ! 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 4.83, [11.9, ! 1'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Nov. 19.85, 10.2, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 19.31, 8.7, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 18.85, 10.4, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 15.83, 10.8, 2'.1 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 14.18, 9.7, 4'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 13.24, 8.2, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 25x100 binoculars; zodiacal light); 11.30, 8.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 8.19, 8.7:, & 4' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 18x50 binoculars; twilight; 0.9 deg SW of Saturn); 7.31, 8.5, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars); 7.22, 8.0, 4' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 6.91, 9:, &2' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 21-cm reflector; strong city lights; haze and smog); 6.82, 9.0, 4'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 6.18, 8.5, 4' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 25x100 binoculars; zodiacal light and twilight); 5.82, 8.5, 3'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 5.31, 8.2:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; comet alt. 8 deg); 5.31, 8.3, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars); 5.19, 8.7, 5' (H. Mikuz, Crni Vrh Observatory, 60-cm reflector + CCD + V filter); 4.84, 8.3, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 4.83, 9.2, 3'.6 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 200-mm camera lens + CCD); 4.52, 7.4, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars); 4.23, 7.6, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); COMET C/2010 X1 (Elenin) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Nov. 24.57, [10.6, ! 4' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; dense star field near Pleiades); 24.16, 9.5, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 17.87, 9.5, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Oct. 30.14, 9.3, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 21.00, 10.2, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.20, 10.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.13, 12.0, 2'.8 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 8.80, [10.9, ! 1'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; background sky bright due to low alt.; a 13.2-mag star was visible); 7.81, [10.0, ! 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; background sky bright due to low alt.; a 13.2-mag star was visible); Aug. 23.39, 8.9, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 22.39, 8.8, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 21.37, 8.1, 5' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 21.31, 8.6, 4' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 20.31, 8.3, 5' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 19.39, 8.1, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; zodiacal light); 19.36, 8.4, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 18.30, 8.3, 4' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 9x63 binoculars); 17.39, 8.2, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; zodiacal light); 16.94, 8.9, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 16.91, 8.3, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 16.91, 8.3, 3' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 16.38, 8.4, 5' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 13.90, 8.3, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 12.90, 8.4, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 7.91, 8.8, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight, light pollution); 7.39, 9.0, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight); 5.92, 9.2, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.06-m refractor; moonlight); 5.92, 9.2, 3' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 4.92, 9.3, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.07-m refractor; moonlight); 3.91, 9.7, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); July 30.40, 9.5, 4' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; zodiacal light); 28.40, 10.0, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector; hazy sky); 28.37, 9.4, 3'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 27.36, 10.0, 4'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 26.91, 10.3:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, light pollution); 25.40, 10.2, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 24.94, 10.4, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 22.91, 10.3, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 21.94, 10.5, 2'(M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 21.42, 10.5, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 20.38, 9.9, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25.4-cm reflector); June 25.93, 10.5, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 12 deg); 23.36, 12.1, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.37, 13.8, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.94, 12.6, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 19.37, 13.5, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 4.93, 13.4, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.20-m reflector, ASAS-3 magnitudes); 3.78, 11.9, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); May 31.88, 13.0, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 30.89, 13.1, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 29.85, 13.2, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 25.89, 13.1, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 23.90, 13.5, 1'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 22.94, 13.2, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 21.90, 13.3, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 9.93, 13.9, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 7.91, 13.5, 1'.2 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 7.90, 14.3, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 6.90, 14.4, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 5.90, 14.4, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.90, 14.2, 1'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); Apr. 30.86, [13.5, -- (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 26.89, 13.7, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 23.90, 14.8, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 22.91, 14.8, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 5.04, 14.9, 0'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2011 A3 (GIBBS) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 15.79, 9.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.41, [10.4, ! 1'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector; strong moonlight); Sep. 24.83, 9.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 19.84, 9.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.83, 10.9, 2'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 8.5 deg); Aug. 28.94, 10.8:, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; haze); 26.88, 10.3, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.92, 10.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); June 28.93, 14.7, 0'.8 (P. Horalek, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 1.95, 15.6, 0'.3 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); May 29.96, 15.6, 0'.3 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 25.97, 15.7, 0'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 9.98, 15.8, 0'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); COMET C/2011 C1 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Aug. 6.05, 11.8, 0'.91 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); June 6.79, 12.1, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 4.11, 10.8, 2' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 12 deg); 3.78, 11.9, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.06, 10.5, 1'.8 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); May 30.05, 11.3, 2'.0 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 28.18, 10.3, 2'.1 (W. Hasubick, Kiripotib, Namibia, 20-cm reflector); 6.35, 9.5, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.34, 9.5, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 4.35, 9.6, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 3.36, 9.4, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 2.34, 9.3, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); Apr. 30.35, 9.5, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 28.34, 9.3, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 27.34, 9.4, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 26.34, 9.3, 2'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 25.88, 9.0:, 3'.4 (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; twilight; moonlight; city lights); 24.88, 8.8, 3'.4 (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; twilight; moonlight; city lights); 23.88, 8.6, 4'.7 (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; twilight; moonlight; city lights); 20.08, 9.1:, & 2' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; twilight and moonlight; comet alt. 12 deg); 18.87, 8.8, 4' (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; twilight; strong moonlight; city lights); 13.17, 8.6, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 12.75, 9.5, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 12.34, 9.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds); 11.33, 9.5, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 9.80, 9.2, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 8.77, 9.7, 6' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 8.34, 9.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 6.33, 9.6, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.33, 9.6, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.19, 8.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 4.33, 9.5, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 3.81, 9.6, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 3.12, 10.4, 1'.4 ( W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 1.19, 9.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); Mar. 30.11, 9.3, 2'.4 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 29.13, 11.0, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 28.89, 10.1, 4' (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; moonlight, city lights); 17.84, 11.1, 2'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); COMET C/2011 F1 (LINEAR) Jan. 3.17, 13.7, 0'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2012 COMET C/2011 L3 (McNaught) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Sep. 21.78, 14.4, 0'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); Aug. 9.76, [12.2, ! 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 6.83, 14.2, 0'.5 (V. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); July 23.89, 13.2, 0'.9 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 1.06, 13.1, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2011 M1 (LINEAR) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Sep. 7.18, 9.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.18, 9.2, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Aug. 26.89, 9.5, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 20.83, 10.6, 2'.7 (M. L. Paradowski, Stroza-Kolonia, Poland, 25x100 binoculars); 19.86, 12.2, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 5.95, 10.8, 2'.5 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 4.06, 10.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); July 23.91, 11.7:, 1'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 9.93, 11.8, 1'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 6.02, 13.0, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.07, 12.8, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); June 28.98, 13.2, 2'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 27.98, 13.2, 2'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); COMET C/2011 Q4 (SWAN) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Dec. 7.24, 11.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Nov. 24.84, 13.2, 0'.8 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Sep. 18.93, 11.1, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 16.94, 11.4:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 14.40, 9.6, 3' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); COMET C/2011 S2 Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 9.19, 11.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.18, 11.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Jan. 21.30, [12.0, -- (M. Linnolt, Ocean View, Hawaii, 0.50-m reflector); 6.29, 8.5, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; 1-deg tail in p.a. 210 deg); 4.31, 8.1, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; alt. 20 deg); 2.27, 6.5, 12' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; comet alt. 13 deg; clouds; 10-deg tail in p.a. 225 deg; 2011 Dec. 28.30, 4.9, 15' (W. Souza, Maresias, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; tail > 30 deg in p.a. 225 deg); 24.32, 3.8*, 10' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; 20-deg tail in p.a. 260 deg; sun alt. -15 deg; comet alt. 5 deg); 23.32, 3.2, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 23.31, 4.0, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, naked eye; 15-deg tail in p.a. 260 deg; sun alt. -14 deg; comet alt. 5 deg; clouds); 22.32, 2.8*, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, naked eye; sun alt. -12 deg; alt. 5 deg; 20-deg tail in p.a. 240 deg); 22.32, 2.6, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 22.30, 2.8, 10' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; 13-deg tail in p.a. 235; alt. 6 deg); 22.30, 3.0*, 10' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars; 10-deg tail in p.a. 235 deg); 21.34, 2.1, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 21.30, 2.3*, 10' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars; tail > 5 deg long in p.a. 235 deg); 20.34, 1.1*, -- (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20X100 binoculars; stellar appearance; clouds; sun alt. -5 deg; comet alt. 7 deg); 19.34, 0.0, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 19.32, -0.5*, -- (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 18.33, -1.0*, 1' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11x80 binoculars); 17.34, -2.9*, < 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; 0.2-deg tail in p.a. 240; alt. 4 deg; sun alt. -0.9 deg); 4.30, 10.7, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 13 degrees); COMET 2P/Encke Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Sep. 13.92, 10.5*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 12.92, 10.4*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 11.92, 10.3*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 10.92, 10.1*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 10.92, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 9.92, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 9.92, 10.0*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 8.94, 10.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.92, 9.9*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector); 7.94, 10.2, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 6.36, 11.0, 4'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.91, 9.5, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 4.93, 9.6, 2' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20-cm reflector); 3.92, 9.5*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); 2.92, 9.5*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); 2.36, 9.9, 4'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 1.94, 9.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 1.92, 9.4*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); Aug. 31.92, 9.3*, 4' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); 30.92, 9.2*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars); 29.92, 9.1*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars); 28.92, 9.1*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars); 27.93, 9.3, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector; alt. 17 deg); 19.89, 8.8, 2' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20-cm reflector; comet alt. about 12 deg); 17.34, 7.7, 3'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector; alt. 6 deg); 16.90, [8.1, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 10 deg); COMET 10P/Tempel Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Dec. 4.49, 12.5, 2'.2 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 4.43, [12.8, ! 1'.8 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Nov. 28.83, 10.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 27.84, 11.2, 3' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.44, 12.4, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 24.78, 10.7, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.97, 9.9, 7'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 12.12, 11.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 8.44, 12.2, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 7.17, 10.9, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 6.43, 11.4, 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 5.55, 11.9, 2'.1 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 3.04, 10.6, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 2.45, 10.0, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Oct. 28.05, 10.4, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 18.11, 9.6, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.04, 10.7, 3' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 14.01, 10.6, 3'.5 (P. Horalek, Hradec Kralove, Czech Rep., 42-cm reflector; light pollution); 14.00, 9.7, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.00, 10.4, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 13.00, 10.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 12.03, 10.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 11.99, 9.5, 8'.2 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 11.00, 10.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 10.94, 10.3, 5'.5 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector); 10.00, 10.3, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 9.98, 10.1, 8'.6 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 9.93, 10.2, 5'.0 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector); 6.52, 9.9, 6' (J. Drummond, Gisborne, New Zealand, 41-cm reflector); 5.73, 10.1, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); Sep. 28.47, 10.2, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.17, 8.5, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 20.08, 8.5, 7'.5 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 16.99, 9.1, 7' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 15.77, 9.5, 7' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 15.01, 8.6, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 12.00, 9.6, 5'.5 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 12.00, 9.5, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 11.58, 9.8, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.50, 8.9, 11' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.11, 10.0, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 10.07, 8.7, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 9.09, 10.2, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.74, 9.2, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 7.55, 8.4, 13'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 7.06, 9.3, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 7.01, 9.5, 6' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 15-cm refractor); 6.51, 8.6, 16' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 5.12, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.06, 8.8, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 2.53, 8.6, 8' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 2.14, 9.4, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Aug. 22.07, 9.2, &3' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights); 21.17, 8.7, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight); 21.01, 8.8, 6' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 20.84, 8.5, 6'.0 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog and clouds; road lights); 20.16, 8.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 20.06, 9.1, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 18.83, 8.7, 9'.9 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights); 18.36, 8.4, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 17.84, 8.6, 8'.3 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights); 17.68, 9.0, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 16.17, 8.5, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 14.18, 8.6, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 13.88, 8.6, 5'.9 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights; twilight); 12.82, 8.6, 11'.4 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights); 12.69, 8.6, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 12.09, 10.6, 3'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 10.99, 8.2, 10' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.11-m binokular); 10.88, 8.8, 8' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights; twilight); 9.85, 8.8, 7' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights); 8.85, 9.1, 3' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights); 8.55, 8.7, -- (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 7.74, 8.7, 8'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 7.69, 9.6, 4'.7 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 7.04, 8.7, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 4.68, 9.4, 6'.2 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); July 21.02, 10.7, 2'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 18.23, 8.5, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 18.12, 8.6, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 17.98, 8.7, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 17.77, 8.5, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 17.58, 8.7, 8' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 17.14, 8.5, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 16.98, 8.5, 7' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 15.15, 8.6:, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars, alt. 23 degrees); 15.02, 8.4, 8'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 14.89, 9.8, 5' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 14.20, 8.6, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 13.90, 9.5, 5' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 20.0-cm reflector); 13.02, 8.5, 8'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 12.02, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 11.01, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 10.11, 8.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 10.08, 9.3, 2'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 10.01, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 9.29, 8.6, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 8.01, 10.3, 4'.0 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 6.18, 9.7:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.28, 9.4, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.03, 8.7, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); June 22.07, 8.8, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 19.78, 9.3, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.29, 9.2, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 18.64, 8.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 18.08, 9.1, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 18.02, 9.8, 4'.3 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; twilight); 13.64, 9.6, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.33, 9.9, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 11.69, 9.2, 8'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.75, 10.4, 4'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 37x100 binoculars); 9.35, 9.9, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.35, 10.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.07, 11.9, 2'.3 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.36, 10.1, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 6.18, 10.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 5.77, 10.2, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); May 23.33, 10.9, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 22.33, 11.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 17.11, 11.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.31, 12.4:, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; comet near stars of mag 6 and 7); 13.76, 10.5, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 11.79, 12.2, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.74, 13.3, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Apr. 25.74, 13.5, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.65, 13.8, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 22.74, 14.4, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET 17P/Holmes Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Feb. 5.50, [19.0, -- (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector + CCD); COMET 19P/Borrelly Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2009 Mar. 25.98, 16.1, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 22.16, 12.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Feb. 2.11, 15.9, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET 21P/Giacobini-Zinner Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Feb. 11.42, 9.5, 3'.2 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); Jan. 10.78, 8.8, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2011 Dec. 27.69, 11.5, 2'.8 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 22.78, 9.3, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 11 deg); Nov. 25.72, 13.4, 0'.8 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 25.37, 12.2, 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.38, [12.1, ! 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 17.78, 12.2, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 27P/Crommelin Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 July 8.43, 12.1*, 1'.7 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector); 5.43, 12.3*, 1'.7 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector); 5.10, 10.1, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 8 deg); 1.42, 12.9*, 1'.3 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector); 1.11, 10.3, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 11 deg); COMET 29P/SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Jan. 3.24, 14.2, 0'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2011 Dec. 7.22, 10.3, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light); Nov. 25.85, 13.6, 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.22, 10.0, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.24, 10.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; fading from outburst); June 23.37, 12.5, 3'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.37, 12.4, 3'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.38, 12.1, 3'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.43, 12.2, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.00, 11.0, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 4.94, 11.7, 1'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.20-m reflector, ASAS-3 magnitudes); 3.42, 11.9, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 1.94, 10.2, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); May 31.89, 12.8, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 30.88, 12.8, 1'.4 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 29.86, 12.7, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 25.88, 12.8, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 23.89, 13.2, 1'.4 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 22.96, 11.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.97, 12.7, 0'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; new outburst; moonlight interference); 9.01, 13.2, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Zamora, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.93, 13.9, 1'.4 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 7.84, 13.4, 1'.0 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 7.83, 13.6, 1'.2 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 6.83, 13.7, 1'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 5.86, 13.7, 1'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.92, 14.0, 2'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); Apr. 30.88, 14.1, -- (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector; stellar appearance); 27.02, 11.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 23.88, 13.7, 2'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 22.92, 14.1, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 7.91, 13.5, 1'.9 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 5.02, 11.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2.84, 12.7, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 1.15, 11.2, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Mar. 29.89, 13.8, 1'.5 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 28.92, 12.2, 0'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 28.88, 13.4, 1'.2 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 28.74, 12.2, 2'.7 (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; city lights); 24.93, 13.4, 1'.4 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 24.80, 12.8, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 23.83, 13.2, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 21.83, 13.5, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Jan. 29.00, 14.4, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Jizerka, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); 2010 Dec. 4.82, 14.3, 0'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Nov. 14.17, 14.1, 2'.0 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 6.80, [13.7, ! 0'.7 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 5.81, [13.1, ! 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); June 8.42, 12.9, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.41, 12.5, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.35, 13.5, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.93, 11.8, 1'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); May 16.98, 11.2, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 11.42, 12.4, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.40, 12.4, 2'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.78, 12.2, 1'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 9.49, 12.3, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 7.49, 12.4, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.41, 11.3, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.40, 11.3, 2'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.46, 11.3, 2'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 3.39, 11.8, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 2.48, 11.5, 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 1.94, 12.0, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 1.47, 11.4, 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 25.59, 13.1*, -- (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 20.40, 11.9, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 19.93, [11.6, -- (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 17.88, 13.3, 0'.3 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.46-m reflector + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 18.98, 12.3, 0'.7 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 17.83, 11.6, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 17.00, 11.7, 2'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; new outburst); 16.96, 12.5, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 11.27, [12.0, (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, Hawaii, 0.20-m reflector); 8.02, 12.4, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 4.89, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Mar. 21.56, 11.7*, 5' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 19.86, 11.8, 1'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 19.58, 11.1*, 5'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); 19.50, 11.9, 5'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector); 18.44, 11.1, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 17.79, 13.1, 0'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 17.41, 11.4, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.45, 11.8, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.12, 11.7, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.27, [12.0, -- (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, HI, U.S.A., 0.20-m reflector); 13.98, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 11.12, 11.2, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 9.83, 11.5, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 9.50, 11.4, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 8.89, 11.2, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.47, 11.4, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 7.27, [12.5, -- (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, HI, U.S.A., 0.20-m reflector); 7.00, 11.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 5.88, 10.6, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 1.81, 10.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Feb. 21.17, 10.7, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 19.61, 10.6, 1'.5 (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 17.80, 11.0, 1'.8 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 16.85, 10.7, 2'.1 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 15.08, 10.8, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 15.04, 11.7, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 14.28, 10.8, 2'.5 (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, Hawaii, 0.20-m reflector); 13.73, 10.9, 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 10.50, 10.7, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.04, 11.1, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.10, 10.8, 1'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.25, 11.0, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight); 6.54, 10.8, 0'.5 (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 6.35, 11.5, 1'.14 (S. E. Shurpakov, Baran, Belarus, 36-cm reflector + CCD); 6.12, 11.3, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 5.66, 11.0, -- (K. Kadota, Ageo, Japan, 0.25-m reflector + CCD); 5.57, 11.0, 0'.4 (D. Chestnov, remotely from Moorook, S. Australia, 0.15-m refractor + CCD); COMET 30P/Reinmuth Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.50, 16.2*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Mar. 21.47, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 9.79, 13.0, 0'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Feb. 21.44, 15.2*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 5.19, 15.1, 0'.5 (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector + CCD); 3.00, 13.3, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); COMET 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Dec. 7.23, 10.5, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light); Nov. 25.83, 13.5, 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 8.22, 9.5, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Oct. 30.19, 9.2, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 26.84, 9.6, 2'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 9.22, 7.5, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; zodiacal light); 9.14, 8.2, 2'.7 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 8.81, 8.0, 3'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 7.83, 7.3, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 7.80, 8.0, 1'.9 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 7.33, 7.6, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; alt. 10 deg); 4.33, 7.3, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; alt. 9 deg); 2.15, 7.3, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 1.21, 7.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars; 0.6-deg tail in p.a. 290 deg); 1.16, 6.8, -- (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 1.14, 7.2, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); Sep. 30.17, 7.8, 2'.1 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 30.13, 7.2, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 30.12, 6.4, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 15x70 binoculars); 27.82, 6.7, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 27.14, 7.4, 3' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.10-m refractor; alt. 9 deg; clouds); 26.16, 7.1, 2' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 0.20-m reflector); 26.14, 6.8, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 25.18, 6.6, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 25.13, 6.7, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 24.82, 6.6, 3' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 24.14, 7.2, 3' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.10-m refractor; alt. 9 deg; twilight); 23.82, 6.9, 3' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); Aug. 14.36, 8.0, 3' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; full moon at low alt.); 13.36, 8.1, 3' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; full moon at low alt.); 11.35, 8.9, 12' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 8.07, 9.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 6 deg); 8.05, 10.0, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 7.12, 10.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 6.04, 10.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); 5.14, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 4.44, 11.0, 2'.6 (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 0.25-m reflector); 4.16, 11.5, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 4.08, 9.8, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.08, 11.2:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 2.80, 10.6, 3'.4 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 1.80, 10.4, 2'.8 (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights; smog); 1.67, 11.5, 1'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 1.10, 10.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); July 31.44, 10.6, 3' (S. T. Rae, Hamilton, New Zealand, 0.25-m reflector); 29.58, 13.1, 1'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 28.83, 12.4:, & 2' (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; city lights); 28.04, 11.3, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 48P/Johnson Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Aug. 1.05, 14.2, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 49P/Arend-Rigaux Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Dec. 23.82, [13.4, ! 1'.0 (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Mulan, Wuhan, China, 13.0-cm reflector; comet close to a mag-12.4 star); 7.21, 10.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Nov. 25.83, 13.0, 1'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.83, 13.3, 1'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 24.20, 10.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.21, 10.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Oct. 9.18, 11.7, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.78, 12.9, 1'.1 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 7.78, 12.9, 1'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 1.17, 12.0, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Sep. 30.14, 14.0, 0'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); COMET 65P/GUNN Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Nov. 8.43, 14.7, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.39, [13.0, ! 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Oct. 26.98, 13.6:, 0'.2 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Sep. 10.97, 13.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, ASAS); 9.94, 13.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, ASAS); 4.38, 12.2, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Aug. 6.98, 11.7, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 6.97, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 6.60, 12.1, 1'.7 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); July 18.21, 11.5, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 18.13, 11.5, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 17.74, 12.3, 1'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 17.59, 11.8, 3' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.00, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 14.14, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 10.07, 11.5, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 9.27, 11.9:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector; near 12th-mag star); 6.15, 11.5, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.30, 11.5:, 0'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); June 20.42, 13.2, 1'.6 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely with a 35.5-cm reflector + CCD located near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.); 19.78, 13.3, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 18.07, 11.9, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 12.56, 13.9, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.31, 12.6, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 10.68, 14.1, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); May 22.12, 12.3, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 11.79, 13.3, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.75, 13.5, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Apr. 22.75, 14.4, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); Mar. 25.72, 13.4, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.72, 13.6, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 18.74, 13.8, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2009 May 26.92, 9.7, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light); 24.92, 10.5, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 21.90, 10.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 18.91, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light); COMET 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 21.61, 16.1*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Jan. 23.18, 16.3, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); COMET 78P/Gehrels Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2012 Feb. 11.46, 11.1, 3'.1 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 10.75, 11.0, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Jan. 10.79, 10.1, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.97, 10.8, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight); 2011 Dec. 22.80, 10.5, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Nov. 26.76, 9.8, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 25.74, 11.6, 1'.2 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 24.41, 10.9, 2'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 23.96, 10.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector); 21.85, 11.8, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 17.82, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.00, 11.0, 4' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); 14.00, 11.0, 4' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector); 13.72, 12.7, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Oct. 29.97, 10.3, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 27.12, 10.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 26.51, 10.9, 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 22.83, 12.5, 1'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 20.96, 10.5, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.76, 11.4, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 15.81, 10.3, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.72, 11.5, 1'.8 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.94, 11.1, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 2.85, 11.7, 2' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector); 1.88, 11.1, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 1.08, 11.0, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Sep. 30.90, 11.2, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 29.93, 11.4, 2'.2 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 28.92, 11.5, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 26.91, 11.6, 2'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.89, 11.3, 3'.2 (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 25.88, 11.6, 2'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 24.91, 11.7, 2'.2 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); Sep. 24.87, 10.8, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 23.83, 12.4, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 21.90, 12.2, 1'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 19.90, 10.8, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 19.12, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.06, 12.5, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 3.04, 12.8, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.17, 12.6, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Aug. 31.91, 14.0, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 28.93, 14.0, 0'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 26.94, 13.2, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 25.97, 14.0, 0'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); COMET 81P/Wild Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Aug. 6.90, 12.2, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); July 14.94, [12.0, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 11.95, 12.2, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector); 9.95, 12.0, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector); 4.98, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.96, 11.7, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); June 17.84, 11.6, 1'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 16.02, 11.4, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 12.52, 10.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 12.00, 11.0, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 10.93, 12.5, 1'.3 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 10.45, 10.4, 7' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.45, 10.7, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.06, 10.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.83, 11.2, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 6.98, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 6.43, 10.7, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.01, 11.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 5.96, 10.5, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 5.37, 10.2, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.98, 10.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.00, 10.5, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); May 29.94, 10.6, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 23.67, 10.0, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; moonlight and city lights;); 22.07, 9.7, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 21.14, 10.4, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 20.00, 10.2:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 17.08, 10.2, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 17.00, 9.6, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 16.17, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 14.18, 10.0, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 13.43, 9.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.14, 10.0, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; haze); 13.04, 9.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 11.70, 9.8, 4' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 0.13-m reflector; city lights); 11.43, 9.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.42, 9.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.96, 9.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 9.89, 10.2, 1'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 9.49, 9.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 8.17, 9.9, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 7.70, 10.0, 3'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 7.50, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.98, 9.6, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 6.43, 9.9, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.41, 10.2, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.41, 9.6, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 3.02, 9.8, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 2.50, 9.9, 6' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 2.36, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 1.97, 9.8, 4'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 1.97, 9.6, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 1.51, 9.9, 5'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); Apr. 30.95, 10.9, 0'.9 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 30.92, 9.7:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, nebulosity); 29.47, 10.2, 2' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 25.69, 10.2*, 3' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 23.64, 8.7, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.08, 9.8, 4'.7 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 22.57, 8.7, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 22.03, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 20.83, 10.2, 1'.6 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 20.41, 9.5, 4'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 20.01, 9.8, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 19.13, 9.8, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 19.10, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 18.38, 8.7, 5' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars); 18.18, 9.6, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 17.86, 10.3, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 17.17, 8.4, 7' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars); 17.14, 9.8, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 17.09, 9.3, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 20-cm reflector); 16.17, 8.7, 5' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars); 16.08, 9.6, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds); 16.08, 9.7, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 15.46, 9.5, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.13, 9.7, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 14.13, 9.7, 5'.2 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 14.09, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds); 14.00, 8.9, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 13.75, 9.2, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.12, 9.7, 5'.2 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 13.06, 9.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector); 12.94, 9.1, 3'.4 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 12.94, 8.8, 2'.3 (S. Niskanen, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 12.83, 9.5, 3' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 12.54, 9.3, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 12.08, 9.7, 4'.9 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 12.05, 9.1, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 11.13, 9.7, 4'.9 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 11.11, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 10.71, 9.5, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 10.21, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 10.15, 9.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 10.13, 9.6, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 9.12, 9.6, 4'.6 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 8.50, 8.9, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 8.10, 9.6, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 8.08, 9.6, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 7.12, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 7.10, 9.6, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 7.04, 9.4, 4'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor); 6.19, 9.6, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor); 6.04, 9.4, 4'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor); 6.02, 8.8, 7' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 5.82, 9.0, 4' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 5.46, 9.1, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 5.19, 9.5, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight); 5.02, 9.4, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 4.04, 9.6, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds); 3.99, 9.8, 3' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 3.92, 9.2, 3'.8 (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 3.92, 9.2, -- (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector, northern lights); 3.01, 9.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight); Mar. 25.69, 8.9, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 24.04, 9.7, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 23.70, 9.6, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 23.49, 10.3, 1'.7 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 23.06, 9.6, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 21.72, 9.0, 2'.5 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 21.63, 9.9*, 4' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 20.29, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 19.95, 9.8, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 19.73, 9.2, 2'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 19.51, 9.3, 5'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector); 19.15, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 18.69, 9.5, 5'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 18.05, 9.2, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; light pollution); 17.96, 9.6, 2'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 17.95, 9.5, 5'.4 (A. Novichonok, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 17.95, 9.2, 5' (D. Kirienko, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 17.12, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds); 16.70, 9.4, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 15.14, 9.5, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 14.12, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 13.73, 8.9, 2'.5 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 13.31, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 12.17, 9.3, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 11.71, 9.0, 3'.0 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD); 11.14, 9.4, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; very near a star of mag 10.2); 11.07, 9.3, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 10.11, 9.5, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 10.02, 9.5, 4'.5 (A. Novichonok, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 10.02, 9.7, -- (D. Kirienko, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 9.98, 9.8, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 9.51, 9.9, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 9.16, 9.4, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 8.50, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 8.12, 9.3, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 7.14, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight); Feb. 23.19, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; air pollution); 21.25, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 20.77, 10.3*, 3'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD); 20.18, 9.6, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 19.62, 9.6, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector); 17.93, 10.5, 3'.0 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 16.97, 10.3, 3'.4 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector); 13.82, 9.8, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 12.69, 10.3, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 11.70, 10.0, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.59, 10.2, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.07, 9.7, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 8.12, 10.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds); 7.28, 10.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight); 6.21, 10.0:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight and clouds); COMET 88P/Howell Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Feb. 2.79, 12.0, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Jan. 18.40, 13.0*, 1'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 6.38, 11.5*, 2'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); COMET 94P/Russell Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.60, 16.8*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Mar. 21.58, 16.6*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 19.64, 16.0, 0'.4 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + V filter); COMET 103P/Hartley Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Apr. 23.85, 14.4, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); 19.85, 14.5, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.35-m reflector); Mar. 29.86, 13.6, 1'.6 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 24.81, 12:, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 23.80, 13.4, 1'.6 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 21.79, 13.5, 1'.3 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 7.83, 12.2, 2'.5 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 5.85, 12.5, 2'.0 (J. Cerny, Maruka, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 3.86, 11.4, 2'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); Feb. 28.83, 12.2, 1'.9 (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector); 6.81, 11.0, 4' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); Jan. 28.88, 11.4, 3'.3 (J. Cerny, Jizerka, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); 13.74, 9.9, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 4.91, 7.8, 12' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 4.12, 9.3, 10' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; near star of mag 6.8); 4.00, 8.8, 8' (J. Cerny, Hlavackova Lhota, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); 4.00, 9.0:, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 2010 Dec. 31.46, 9.2, 6' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 31.04, 8.8, 10' (W. Souza, Santos, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 30.48, 9.5, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 30.13, 9.1, 12' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars); 29.48, 8.4, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 27.99, 8.3, 10' (W. Souza, Aguas de Lindoia, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 25.60, 10.7, 1'.7 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 22.62, 10.4, 2'.4 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 17.84, 8.6, 4' (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 21.0-cm reflector; city lights); 16.59, 10.1, 2'.7 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 15.54, 7.5, 15' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 14.52, 8.0, 17' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 12.54, 7.5, 10' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 11.74, 7.8, 10' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 11.55, 7.9, 8' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars); 11.53, 7.7, 20' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 7.51, 7.6, 12' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance NSW, Australia, 10x50 binoculars); 7.16, 7.3, 15' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 5.17, 7.6, 12' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; haze); 4.81, 7.9, 9' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 4.78, 7.6, 11' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 4.63, 9.1, 4'.5 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 3.82, 7.4, 7' (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 13-cm reflector; smog; city lights); 2.14, 7.1, 12' (J. Cerny, Mahdia, Tunisia, 8x40 binoculars); Nov. 29.62, 7.7, 6' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 29.00, 7.1, 12' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; alt. 16 deg); 28.09, 7.0:, 10' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; clouds); 27.64, 8.3, 4'.7 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 26.91, 6.5, & 10' (M.-T. Hui, Mt. Guizi, Wuchang, China, 13-cm reflector; smog; strong city lights and moonlight); 19.86, 6.5, 14' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 19.86, 6.3, 14' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 13.0-cm reflector; city lights); 17.29, 6.7, 10' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 16.02, 6.5, 10' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 15.82, 8.1, 7'.8 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 15.25, 6.2, 20' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7X50 binoculars); 14.65, 6.9, 20' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 14.14, 6.1, 22' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7X50 binoculars); 14.13, 5.5, 25' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 13.63, 6.6, 11' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 13.19, 5.3, 30' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 4x30 monocular); 12.54, 6.3, 20' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 10x50 binoculars); 12.14, 6.0, 25' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 12.02, 6.0, 9'.2 (P. J. Dekelver, Maasmechelen, Belgium, 20-cm reflector); 11.56, 6.1, 20' (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 10x50 binoculars); 11.29, 6.7, 12' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 10.64, 7.9, 7'.9 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD); 8.64, 6.2, 20' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 8.30, 6.6, 10' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 8.18, 5.9, 30' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 8x25 binoculars); 8.14, 5.7, 30' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, naked eye); 7.30, 6.0, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 8x30 binoculars); 7.30, 6.5, 10' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 7.29, 6.7, 8' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 7.22, 6.3, 12' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 7.19, 6.0, 20' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; coma very close to 5th-mag star); 6.82, 6.0, 12' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 20x80 binoculars; city lights; 6.76, 5.9, 19' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 10x70 refractor); 6.14, 5.9, 20' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 10x50 binoculars); 6.08, 5.6, & 70' (J. Kockova, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars); 5.82, 6.0, 33' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 20x80 binoculars; city lights; haze); 5.82, 6.3, 18' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 11x80 binoculars); 5.79, 5.6, 19' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 10x70 refractor); 5.29, 6.8, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 5.09, 4.9, & 40' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 4.66, 5.7, 23' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 4.52, 4.9, 40' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 10x50 binoculars); 4.28, 6.7:, 8' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars); 4.25, 6.3, 15' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 4.14, 4.8, 45' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye); 3.73, 7.1, 14'.9 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 200-mm camera lens + CCD); 3.70, 5.8, 23' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 3.64, 6.0, 20' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 11x80 binoculars); 3.28, 6.3, 10' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 3.17, 5.6, 30' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 2.70, 5.6, 20' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 7x50 binoculars); 2.28, 6.0, 15' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 1.23, 5.9, 12' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); Oct. 31.19, 5.9, 11' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars); 31.17, 5.7, 15' (W. Souza, Aguas de Lindoia, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 30.95, 5.7, 15' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 30.84, 5.8, 33' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 20x80 binoculars; strong moonlight, city lights;); 30.30, 5.7, -- (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 8x30 binoculars); 30.29, 6.0, 15' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x60 binoculars); 30.14, 5.3, 25' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; clouds); 29.12, 5.4, 20' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; moonlight); 27.29, 6.3, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight); 26.96, 6.4, 15' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 26.29, 6.1, 8' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculers; moonlight); 24.30, 6.5, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight); 22.15, 4.3, & 50' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 21.36, 4.8, 40' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 8x25 binoculars); 21.31, 5.0, 30' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars); 20.98, 5.5, 50' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 20.90, 4.7, 35' (V. Gonano, Udine, Italy, 10x50 binoculars; moonlight); 20.19, 4.7, 45' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 4x30 monocular); 19.45, 4.9, 45' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 6x30 monocular); 19.34, 4.9, 40' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 8x25 binoculars); 18.51, 5.3, 40' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 10x50 binoculars); 18.10, 4.6, 50' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye); 17.93, 6.1, 40' (T. Veikkolainen, J\"arvenp\"a\"a, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 16.95, 5.8, 20' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 16.92, 4.8, 40' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars; close to a star of mag 5.6); 16.83, 5.6, 2' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars); 16.71, 5.2, 30' (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 8x30 binoculars; city lights); 16.70, 5.4, 32' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 15.69, 5.5, 28' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 15.00, 4.7, 60' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye); 14.86, 5.5, 20' (J. Warell, Soevde, Sweden, 8x25 binoculars); 14.79, 5.5, 25' (P. Horalek, Pardubice, Czech republic, 25x100 binoculars; strong light pollution); 14.12, 5.0, 40' (M. Goiato, Macei=F3, Brazil, 8x25 binoculars); 14.11, 5.1, 50' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, naked eye; 6.9 magnitude star in coma); 13.93, 5.0, 50' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 4x30 monocular); 13.93, 5.1, 45' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 13.92, 5.0, & 45' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, naked eye); 13.92, 5.9, 15' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 13.86, 5.3, 60' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, naked eye); 13.38, 5.5, 30' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 10x50 binoculars); 12.93, 5.1, 45' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 12.93, 5.3, 35' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, naked eye); 12.86, 5.8:, 25' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 12.80, 6.5, 30' (A. Kuosmanen, Nummi-Pusula, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 11.95, 5.3, 40' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 11.91, 5.2, & 45' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 11.88, 5.9, 15' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 11.78, 5.6, 32' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 11.34, 5.8, 30' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars); 10.93, 5.4, 30' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 10.88, 7.0, 25' (T. Veikkolainen, J\"arvenp\"a\"a, Finland, 0.20-m reflector); 10.87, 5.7, 25' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 10.86, 5.6, 45' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars); 10.85, 6.0, 25' (J. Warell, Uppsala, Sweden, 8x21 binoculars); 10.84, 5.9, 14' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 10.84, 6.8, 20' (J. Qvam, Holmestrand, Norway, 0.08-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 10.80, 5.9, & 25' (B. H. Granslo, {\O}rfiske, Nittedal, Norway, 7x50 binoculars); 10.80, 5.2, 30' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, naked eye); 10.79, 5.5, 40' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye); 10.78, 6.9, 20' (B. von Bagh, Porvoo, Finland, 18x80 monocular); 10.76, 6.9, 20' (A. Kuosmanen, Nummi-Pusula, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 10.75, 5.8, 23' (A. Novichonok, Kondopoga, Russia, 20x80 binoculars); 10.75, 7.0, 20' (M. Sikora, Lublin, Poland, 12x60 binoculars); 10.54, 5.9, 30' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 9.97, 5.7, 22' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 9.95, 5.7, 30' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye); 9.93, 5.2, & 40' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye); 9.93, 5.7, 30' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 9.92, 7.5, 2' (A. Garbaras, Varena, Lithuania, 20x60 binoculars); 9.87, 5.7, 45' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars); 9.85, 6.8 , 15' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor); 9.01, 5.9, 18' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 6.8-cm refractor); 8.94, 6.3, 21' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars; cirrus clouds); 8.93, 5.7, 30' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, naked eye); 8.90, 5.2, & 42' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 8.90, 6.5, 15' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 8.84, 6.3, 12' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 8.78, 6.0, 30' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 8.32, 5.8, & 30' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars); 7.96, 6.8, 19' (P. Horalek, Pardubice, Czech republic, 10x50 binoculars); 7.92, 6.3, 20' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 11-cm binoculars); 7.90, 5.0, & 44' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.05-m refractor); 7.89, 5.1, 50' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 4x30 monocular); 7.89, 6.3, 12' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars); 7.88, 8.0, 12' (J. Qvam, Holmestrand, Norway, 0.08-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 7.87, 5.8, 35' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 7.81, 6.0, 26' (M. L. Paradowski, Pustelnik, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 7.80, 6.1, 27' (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 20x80 binoculars); 7.74, 8.6, 4'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 6.84, 6.6, 26' (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 20x80 binoculars); 6.83, 6.7, 18' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 6.14, 6.2:, 20' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; light pollution; alt. 11 deg); 5.92, 7.1, 25' (A. Novichonok, Sopoha, Russia, 7x50 binoculars); 5.82, 7.1, 15' (A. Kuosmanen, Nummi-Pusula, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 5.80, 7.4, 15' (B. von Bagh, Porvoo, Finland, 7x50 binoculars); 5.67, 5.9, 32' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars); 5.21, 7.2, 24' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars); 4.94, 6.9, 11' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 6.8-cm refractor); 4.83, 5.3, 45' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye); 4.77, 7.2, 21' (A. Novichonok, kONDOPOGA, Russia, 7x50 binoculars); 3.92, 7.4, 9' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars); 3.84, 7.5, 12' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector); 3.84, 6.8, 30' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 3.82, 7.4, 10' (A. Kuosmanen, Nummi-Pusula, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 3.81, 6.9, 17' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 11-cm binoculars); 3.01, 7.5, & 8' (D. W. E. Green, Lexington, MA, U.S.A., 20x80 binoculars); 2.98, 7.8, 10' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector; fog); 2.87, 6.8, 35' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars, DC=4); 2.86, 6.4, 25' (J. J. Gonzalez, Cantabria, Spain, 4x30 monocular); 2.85, 7.3, 20' (J. Warell, Uppsala, Sweden, 7x50 binoculars); 1.90, 7.5, 15' (J. Warell, Uppsala, Sweden, 7x50 binoculars); 1.89, 7.8, 11' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector); 1.85, 6.5, 14' (A. Kammerer, St. Leon-Rot, Germany, 9x63 binoculars); 1.80, 6.8, 15' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x80 binoculars); 1.79, 6.6, & 20' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars); 1.66, 7.3, 15' (M.-T. Hui, north Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; road lights); Sep. 30.96, 8.1, 9'.5 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector; moonlight); 30.84, 8.3, 8' (A. Kuosmanen, Nummi-Pusula, Finland, 10x50 binoculars); 30.82, 7.9, 14' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 10x50 binoculars); 30.80, 7.3, 25' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 30.79, 8.3, 8'.4 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 30.74, 7.5, 15' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 11-cm binoculars); 29.83, 7.5, 20' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 29.82, 7.7, 15' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars); 29.82, 7.3, 12' (B. H. Granslo, {\O}rfiske, Nittedal, Norway, 7x50 binoculars); 28.86, 7.7, 9' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.10-m refractor; moonlight, some light pollution); 28.83, 7.2, 18' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 28.78, 8.1, 8'.4 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 28.51, 9.3, 7' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 27.82, 7.3, 13' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 22.83, 8.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight); 21.83, 8.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight); 20.80, 8.3, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight); 20.16, 8.1, 15' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 20.07, 7.9, & 16' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars); 19.02, 10.0, 4'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 18.77, 9.4, 3'.5 (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 0.13-m reflector; city lights; haze); 18.00, 8.7, 14' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector); 17.83, 8.8, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 17.80, 10.3, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter; moonlight); 16.96, 9.0, & 11' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars); 15.87, 8.3, 12' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars); 15.75, 8.8, 10' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars); 15.00, 8.5, 15' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars); 14.95, 10.0, 8' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15.0-cm reflector); 14.89, 10.2, 5'.6 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 14.81, 9.7, 6' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 13.82, 10.0, 5' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 20.0-cm reflector); 13.78, 11.0, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 13.12, 9.7, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 12.17, 9.7, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 11.98, 9.0, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 11.95, 9.8, 4' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15.0-cm reflector); 11.89, 8.7, & 11' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars); 11.85, 9.1, 6'.0 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector); 11.55, 9.4, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.93, 9.0, 8' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 10.82, 10.0, 4' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 10.50, 10.0, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 10.12, 10.3:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 10.05, 9.3, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 9.92, 9.9, 6'.2 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13.0-cm reflector); 9.10, 10.0, 0'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector); 8.94, 10.0, 5'.9 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13.0-cm reflector); 8.90, 9.5, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Malm, Norway, 0.05-m refractor); 8.70, 9.6, 5'.2 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 7.55, 10.8, 11' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.85, 9.4, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars); 6.76, 11.1, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 6.50, 10.2, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 5.84, 11.0, 3'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter); 4.86, 9.8, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars); 4.84, 11.1, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 4.77, 11.2, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 1.91, 10.5, 0'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 1.79, 10.8, 2'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); Aug. 31.88 12.0:, 4' (J. Warell, Soevde, Sweden, 0.14-m reflector); 31.85, 11.1, 4'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight); 27.77, 11.8, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 26.79, 12.8, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter; haze, moonlight); 25.80, 12.3, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 24.85, 12.7, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 22.83, 12.8, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 22.04, 12.4, 0'.6 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights); 20.94, 13.2, 0'.8 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 20.18, 12.3, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 18.88, 13.3, 0'.8 (A. Smirnov, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 18.77, 12.7, 1'.4 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights); 18.71, 12.5, 1'.1 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector); 16.88, 12.8, 1'.2 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 61.5-cm reflector); 15.90, 13.0:, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector); 13.88, 14.0, 1'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 13.85, 14.0, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 13.79, 12.8, 1'.2 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights); 11.90, 14.1, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 10.96, 14.3, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 10.94, 12.7, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 10.82, 12.8:, 1' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights); 9.96, 14.0, 0'.8 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 9.75, [12.3, -- (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights); 8.77, [12.1, -- (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights); 7.91, 14.1, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 7.57, 13.4, 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 6.96, 13.2, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.90, 14.3, 0'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); July 29.85, 14.8, 0'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 22.91, 15.0, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 20.97, 16.6, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 20.96, 15.5, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); 18.06, [14.5, ! 0'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 13.01, 16.4, 0'.2 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter); COMET 118P/Shoemaker-Levy Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.53, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Mar. 21.48, 14.7*, 0'.5 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 13.96, 13.1:, 0'.75 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 9.78, 12.5, 1'.3 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 8.80, 12.1, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Feb. 21.48, 14.2*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 2.98, 12.0, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 2.82, 12.3, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 123P/West-Hartley Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 May 31.86, 14.5, 0'.6 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 30.88, [14.5, ! 0'.5 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); COMET 130P/McNaught-Hughes Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Aug. 1.12, 14.0, 0'.4 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 141P/Machholz Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Apr. 25.79, 11.3, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); COMET 149P/Mueller Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 June 19.29, 18.4, < 0'.2 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely using a 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.); Mar. 21.66, 18.6*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); COMET 157P/Tritton Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 8.78, [12.0, -- (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); Feb. 21.41, 15.2*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); COMET 169P/NEAT Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 21.53, 17.9*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); Feb. 4.05, 14.3:, 0'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); COMET 174P/Echeclus Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 June 4.01, 14.3, 0'.4 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 1.95, 15.1, 1'.1 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); COMET 203P/Korlevic Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Mar. 21.44, 17.1*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); COMET 213P/Van Ness Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Nov. 24.55, [13.6, ! 1'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 17.83, 11.0, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Oct. 20.95, 11.5, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 18.72, 15.1, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 16.74, 12.2, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 2.82, 14.5, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); 1.07, 11.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Sep. 26.92, 12.3, 2' (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 25.91, 12.3, 2' (M. L. Paradowski, Muczne, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); 24.89, 11.0, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 23.82, 12.6, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 19.91, 11.0, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 7.07, 11.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 2.87, 12.6, 0'.5 (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector); 1.19, 11.8, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); Aug. 31.95, 12.3, 1'.6 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 28.93, 13.4, 1'.2 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector); 28.91, 12.5, 1'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 26.98, 11.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 25.95, 12.5, 1'.7 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector); 25.66, 12.3:, 2' (M.-T. Hui, Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; barely seen; city lights); 9.76, 12.4:, 1'.1 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector); 8.09, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 6.01, 11.4, 2'.4 (M. L. Paradowski, Dabrowa, Poland, 0.20-m reflector); July 28.56, 13.5, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 28.11, 12.0, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); 10.33, 12.0, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector); 5.07, 12.0, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); June 26.76, 11.9, 3'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 24.58, 13.2, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 6.77, 12.9, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector); 4.09, 12.2, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 16 deg); 2.03, 14.8, 0'.8 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); Apr. 7.77, 14.8, -- (H. Sato, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan; remotely using a 0.30-m reflector + CCD, near Officer, Australia); COMET 217P/2009 F3 (LINEAR) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2010 Feb. 2.88, 13.5, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); Jan. 29.91, 17.1, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD); 18.54, 14.0*, 1'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD); 12.92, 12.7, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector); COMET 236P/LINEAR Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 Oct. 3.98, 17.1, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD); COMET 240P/2010 P1 (NEAT) Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted): 2011 May 31.88, 14.7, 0'.9 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 30.87, 15.4, 0'.6 (J. Cerny, Korcula, Croatia, 0.35-m reflector); 2010 Dec. 4.80, 14.6, 0'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
