Recent Comet Brightness Estimates

Selected recent magnitude estimates (often preliminary values!), as reported to the IAU Circulars and International Comet Quarterly for currently-observable comets are given below. NOTE: in 1997, we began adding select magnitudes from fainter comets from CCD astrometry reported to the Minor Planet Center, to make the list of comets below pretty complete for observable comets seen in the last couple of months, for the convenience of observers/readers who wish to know the most recent magnitude information on fainter comets. (Definitions of the "magnitude" and other terms regarding comets are available.)



NOTE that many values below should be considered preliminary, and as such the data below (and that published on IAU Circulars) should not be used in any serious analyses; furthermore, many of the best comet observers do not have their data listed below (and there is a huge difference in the quality of observations from one observer to another -- both visually and via CCD). Indeed, it is not uncommon that photometric data listed below are actually withdrawn by observers (or the ICQ Editor) due to problems, and sometimes substantial changes are made to the magnitudes before publication in the ICQ. The final, complete form of the data in the published ICQ (or in the electronic ICQ archive of photometric cometary observations) is what should be used. The data below are meant more as an informal guide to current behavior of observable comets. (In general, the data below will be kept on this page only until the detailed tabulated complements to the observations are published in the ICQ -- i.e., quarterly -- at which time they will be eliminated from this page. There is currently no plan to make ICQ-published data available on the Web, but such data are available to interested researchers upon request via e-mail, by individual comet.)

We now have a "Descriptive Information" page, reporting interesting information to supplement the magnitudes below.


At the end of the year 2000, we deleted numerals following comet names on these ICQ webpages and in the ICQ printed pages. With there being no longer a comet named "Shoemaker 2" (leaving "Shoemaker 3" and "Shoemaker 4"), the illogical and unnecessary existence of numerals following comet names makes the start of a new millennium a good time to cease using those numerals. Especially with the wonderful numbering system for short-period comets in place since 1995, whereby comets of two or more apparitions have been assigned permanent numbers, it is redundant to have numerals after a comet's name, and short-period comets of a single apparition have not gotten suffixed numerals since the change to the new designation system in 1995 anyway; for 1-apparition short-period comets discovered prior to 1995, the ICQ will begin using both new-style and old-style designations to help in the unambiguous titling of a specific comet. Indeed, as Brian Marsden noted in the January 1995 issue of the ICQ, history shows great inconsistency and problems regarding the addition of numerals to short-period comet names, and it makes sense to phase them out completely. Some people will prefer to continue using the suffixed name numerals, but we trust that there will be no ambiguity to the new ICQ policy for readers. Most observers appear to be quite comfortable with the new designation system (particularly regarding the permanently-numbered short-period comets), so this policy should not present problems for most people. The old suffixed numerals of comet names are still visible in the list of permanently numbered comets.


An asterisk (*) below denotes that correction was made in the magnitude estimate for atmospheric extinction, while a percent sign (%) incidates that magnitudes of very red comparison stars were corrected to visual magnitudes before use. A colon (:) after the magnitude estimate indicates that the estimate is approximate (uncertainty greater than +/- 0.3 mag); likewise, an ampersand (&) before the coma-diameter estimate indicates that the estimate is approximate. Below are given the Universal Time (UT) date, to 0.01 day, now in reverse chronological order ; the total magnitude estimate; the coma diameter (usually in minutes of arc), with a preceding plus (+) sign for 'artificial' coma diameters employed in CCD photometry (and an exclamation mark for limiting magnitude estimates when the comet is not seen, to denote the size of the defocused comparison-star images); the observer and observing location; and the instrument USED FOR THE MAGNITUDE ESTIMATE (with the size of the instrument indicating the size of the aperture --- i.e., the primary lens or mirror --- in centimeters or meters). In the listing below, if a comet is not seen and a limiting (stellar) magnitude given, a left bracket, [, appears before the magnitude value. A letter 'z' after a coma diameter indicates that it may have been made with a different instrument.


ALERT! Due to excessive spam-e-mailing, it is imperative that legitimate e-mail with observations sent for possible posting here should ONLY be sent in plain-ASCII text and NEVER be sent with html encoding. Also, images should only be sent in e-mails *separate* from plain-text observations, and they should ONLY be sent after first contacting us at ICQCSC@EPS.HARVARD.EDU to inquire if we'd like to receive images (some select photographers who routinely send high-quality images to the ICQ have a long-time exemption from this rule). Our anti-spam software automatically deletes e-mail with html-encoding and images or MIME-encoding (or anything that does not appear as plain text), so your e-mail may never reach us if you do not follow these guidelines. [11/27/07]


NOTE: Please do not send e-mail with html coding or MIME encoded (or any other encoded way)! Please only send e-mail as straight or plain ASCII text. When sending data for inclusion in this webpage and/or on the IAU Circulars, please send data as listed below, EXCEPT give them chronologically (not in reverse chronological order as given below) and please also give the month on each line of observation (rather than blanks as shown below for second and third observations in the same month). Be sure to give diacritical marks in TeX form (described elsewhere in these webpages). Please send observations daily only for urgent objects -- comets in outburst, comets close to the earth, or novae/variable stars that are rapidly changing their brightness (for IAUCs). Routine comet observational data should be sent only once every week or two, as daily e-mail from dozens of observers can be very difficult to deal with. Please put "CCD [or visual] comet photometry for webpage [or ICQ]" in subject heading.


COMETS LISTED BELOW BY DESIGNATION (unnumbered comets first, numbered comets second). Jump directly to comet: C/2007 N3 (Lulin), or 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, or 103P/Hartley..

NOTE: when a comet is large in size, as comet 17P has been in Nov. 2007, normal binoculars cannot defocus enough to produce proper magnitude estimates, leading to values that are too faint; special instruments are needed for comets larger than about 10' or 15' in size (such instruments include binoculars with detached eyepieces, or 1x monoculars constructed from two binocular objective lenses).


COMET C/2005 L3 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Aug.  1.17, 14.7, 0'.5 (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.21-m refractor + CCD; moonlight);
June 21.28, 14.7, 0'.7 (S. Shurpakov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.10-m refractor + CCD + R_c filter);
     21.01, 14.0, 0'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     17.23, 14.7, 1'.0 (D. Chestnov and A. Novichonok, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.18-m refractor + CCD);
     13.91, 14.0, 1'.2 (J. Srba, Mikuluvka, Czech Republic, 6.3-cm reflector + CCD + R filter);
     13.87, 15.0, 0'.3 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD);
     12.90, 15.2, 0'.3 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD);
      5.88, 15.1, 0'.3 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD);
      1.06, 13.7, 0'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
May  27.94, 14.2, 0'.68 (S. Shurpakov, Baran', Belarus, 0.19-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2006 OF2 (Broughton)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 19.61, 16.7, 0'.6 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2006 Q1 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sept. 4.80, 18.1, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
July 15.90, 18.0, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
      4.92, 18.3, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2006 S3 (LONEOS)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sept. 6.79, 15.5, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
Aug. 11.88, 15.2, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
July 18.26, 15.4, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely, 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.);
 
 
COMET C/2006 W3 (Christensen)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
July 18.17, 12.1, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      7.12, 11.9, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
June 19.77, 12.1, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.25, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     18.63, 10.2, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.54, 10.4, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.29, 11.6, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     10.46, 10.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.46, 10.3, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.34, 11.3, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.46, 9.8, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.34, 11.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.76, 11.8, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
May  23.31, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     22.31, 11.6, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     22.14, 10.5, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.37, 10.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     14.23, 11.4, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     13.74, 10.2, 2'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.77, 11.9, 2'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.72, 12.4, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Apr. 25.31, 11.7, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     25.75, 10.7, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.67, 10.7, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     22.73, 11.0, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.75, 10.2, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     17.31, 11.7, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     10.74, 12.4, > 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
Mar. 25.73, 10.0, 6' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.73, 10.6, 6' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.32, 11.5, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     13.34, 11.2:, 1'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds);
2009
Dec. 4.77, 9.4, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Nov. 25.69, 10.4, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     21.43, 9.4, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.46, 10.1, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.69, 10.3, 3' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     18.79, 9.2, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     17.71, 10.6, 1' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     16.40, 10.0, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.40, 9.3, 4'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.96, 9.7, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.42, 9.6, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.40, 9.8, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.42, 9.6, 5' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.39, 10.0, 3'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.82, 9.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      3.40, 9.8, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      1.39, 9.5, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
June  4.01, 12.3, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
May  17.05, 12.8, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      9.83, 14.0, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      3.47, 12.6, 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      2.49, 12.4, 1'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      1.48, 12.4, 1'.4 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 30.97, 14.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     25.72, 12.8*, 0'.8 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     20.84, 12.2, 0'.9 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
     17.84, 11.9, 5' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     12.88, [11.8, -- (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     12.85, 12.0, 1' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
      4.86, 11.3, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; 0.1-deg tail in p.a. 270 deg);
      3.97, 12.0, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      3.93, 11.6, -- (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector; northern lights);
      3.93, 11.6, -- (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
      2.86, 11.4, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
Mar. 21.70, 12.2, 1'.3 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     21.70, 12.6*, 1'.6 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     19.89, 12.8, 1' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     19.72, 11.7, 2'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
     17.85, 12.5, 0'.9 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     15.18, 11.4, 2'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     13.72, 12.6, 0'.9 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     11.72, 12.4, 1'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     10.71, 12.1, 1'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     10.13, 11.3, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      9.92, 10.7, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
      1.82, 11.0, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Feb. 21.29, 11.0:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     20.80, 11.8, 2'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
     20.19, 11.1, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     17.90, 11.0, 3'.5 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     16.93, 11.2, 3'.5 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     15.03, 10.7, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     13.79, 10.6, 2'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     11.70, 11.2, 2'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.06, 11.3, 1'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      7.93, 12.1, 2' (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
      7.31, 10.3:, 2'5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight and clouds);
Jan. 13.10, 9.5, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
2009
Dec. 29.20, 9.6, 3'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
     27.19, 9.8, 2'.7 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights);
     27.09, 10.2, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     26.25, 10.1, 1' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 0.20-m refractor);
     26.21, 9.7, 2'.9 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
     25.15, 10.1, 1' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 0.20-m refractor);
     23.71, 10.8, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     21.19, 9.7, 3'.0 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
     20.18, 9.6, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.10-m reflector);
     19.31, 9.6, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.71, 11.0, 2'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     16.71, 11.3, 4'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.17, 9.9, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Nov. 24.25, 11.9, 2' (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; twilight);
     24.18, 9.4, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.17, 9.2, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.18, 10.3, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
 
 
COMET C/2008 FK75 (Lemmon-Siding Spring):
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sept. 4.79, 15.9, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
Aug. 24.82, 15.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     11.85, 15.7, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
      7.96, 14.7, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.53, [14.8, ! 0'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
July 29.81, 15.2, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     28.82, 15.0, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     15.88, 15.8, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
     10.84, 15.5, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      9.80, 15.3, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      8.82, 14.2, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      4.91, 15.7, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
June 30.84, 14.7, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     17.96, 15.6, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.87, 15.6, 0'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
Apr. 10.17, 14.5, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET C/2008 P1 (Garradd)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Nov. 18.74, 16.7, 0'.2 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
Sep. 23.01, 15.2, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     20.48, [14.2, ! 0'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
     15.92, 16.1, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2009 F4 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 21.77, 16.4, 0'.3 (D. Chestnov and A. Novichonok, remotely from Moorook, S. Australia, 0.15-m refractor + CCD);
2009
Sep. 12.97, 17.0, 0'.13 (W. Robledo, Cordoba, Argentina, 0.20-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2009 K5 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sep. 17.00, 10.9, 4' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 0.20-m reflector);
     12.02, 10.2, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     10.08, 11.0, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      7.08, 10.9, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
      5.08, 11.0, 2' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Aug. 20.17, 10.8, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.92, 12.0:, 1'.2 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     15.90, 11.6, 1'.3 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     10.92, 10.9, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
      7.75, 11.4, 1'.0 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      6.91, 10.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      3.90, 10.3, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
July 18.03, 9.4, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.90, 9.5, 3' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     12.90, 9.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     11.93, 10.7, 1'.6 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector);
     11.90, 9.3, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     10.89, 9.4, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      9.90, 9.2, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      8.90, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      7.89, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      4.96, 9.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      4.90, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      3.89, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      2.89, 9.1, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
June 30.85, 10.4, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     29.90, 9.4, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     28.91, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     27.92, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     26.98, 9.3, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     25.90, 9.2, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     23.90, 9.0, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     22.90, 9.0, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     22.08, 8.4, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars; 0.2-deg tail in p.a. 20 deg);
     19.90, 8.9, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     18.09, 8.5, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     17.92, 9.9, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     15.07, 8.4, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Zamora, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     11.91, 8.6, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      7.94, 8.5, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      7.04, 8.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
      6.90, 8.8, 8' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars);
      6.85, 8.9, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
      6.83, 10.0, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      5.03, 8.3, 8' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor);
      4.02, 8.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
      3.93, 8.2, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      3.8, 8.8, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
May  31.20, 8.3, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
     29.17, 8.0, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
     25.45, 8.2, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
     23.75, 8.6, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; smog; severe city lights);
     22.78, 8.5:, 3' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; barely seen; smog; city lights);
     22.09, 8.1, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     22.01, 8.6, 5'.5 (R. Kostenko, Poltava, Ukraine, 20x90 binoculars);
     20.88, 8.6, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     19.18, 8.4, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     17.45, 8.5, 3' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
     17.03, 8.1, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     16.90, 9.0, 6' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     13.83, 8.6, 7' (D. Sidorko, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     12.74, 8.3, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     11.73, 8.3, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     10.19, 8.4, 4' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
      9.92, 10.5, 1'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.73, 8.4, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
      6.83, 8.3, 7' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; moonlight);
      3.50, 8.3, 5'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      2.92, 8.0, -- (E. Lyytinen, Helsinki, Finland, 20x80 binoculars);
      2.52, 8.5, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      1.96, 8.3, 4' (K. Pukero, Kotka, Finland, 0.20-m reflector);
      1.52, 8.2, 7' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 30.99, 10.1, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     27.87, 8.6:, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight; smog, haze);
     25.79, 8.3*, 5' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     23.39, 8.1, 5' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     21.33, 8.1, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 11 degrees);
     20.38, 8.1, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     19.38, 8.1, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     18.33, 8.2, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 15 degrees);
     18.06, 8.0, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
     17.36, 8.2, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     17.33, 8.2, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars, comet alt. 17 degrees);
     17.11, 8.1, 6' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
     17.07, 7.9, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     16.38, 8.2, 6' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     15.39, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     14.34, 8.2, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     13.76, 7.8, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.35, 8.3, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     12.86, 8.5, 7' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     12.35, 8.2, 7' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     12.33, 8.7, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 17 degrees);
     11.36, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     11.35, 8.3, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; twilight);
     10.77, 8.5, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
     10.35, 8.2, 6'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     10.33, 8.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     10.12, 8.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     10.07, 8.1, 4' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      9.36, 8.3, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      9.08, 8.2, 4' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      8.86, 8.4, 5' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0cm-refractor; city lights; moonlight);
      8.38, 8.3, 5'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      7.33, 8.4, 5'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      7.10, 8.1, 2' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      7.05, 8.4, 5'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
      7.01, 9.1, 2'.1 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
      6.06, 8.6, 5' (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
      6.04, 7.8, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
      5.84, 8.5, 5' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
      5.07, 8.1, 2' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      5.04, 8.3, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      4.07, 8.5, 3' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights, moonlight);
      3.94, 8.4, 4'.6 (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector; northern lights);
      3.94, 8.4, 7'.7 (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
Mar. 27.89, 8.5:, 4' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight);
     27.19, 8.5, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     25.74, 8.1, 7' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.71, 8.5, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     21.76, 8.9, 2'.9 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     20.34, 8.9, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     19.97, 7.9:, 7'.7 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     19.73, 8.2, 5'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector);
     18.92, 8.2, 5'.5 (A. Novichonok, Kondopoga, Russia, 20x80 binoculars);
     18.72, 8.9, 5' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.06, 9.2, 4'.6 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     16.72, 8.7, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.19, 9.1, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     13.33, 9.2, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.98, 8.2, 5'.2 (A. Novichonok, Kondopoga, Russia, 20x80 binoculars);
     10.15, 9.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 15 deg);
Feb. 21.31, 10.4, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     20.22, 10.2, 2'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     13.85, 10.9, 1'.6 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     12.71, 10.5, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.72, 11.4, 1'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET C/2009 O2 (Catalina)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 16.94, 10.7:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 18 degrees);
     11.94, 10.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; alt. 13-14 degrees);
     11.91, [10.4, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 14 degrees);
      9.93, 10.4:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight, alt. 12 degrees);
Mar. 18.50, 11.8, 1'.5 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, 0.2-m reflector);
     15.20, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.48, 11.3, 3'.0 (A. Hale, Cloudcroft, NM, 0.2-m reflector);
     10.16, 10.2, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 14 deg);
Feb. 20.85, 12.2*, 1'.3 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + V filter);
     20.24, 11.9, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     19.53, 13.3*, 1'.4 (H. Sato, Tokyo, Japan, 25-cm reflector + CCD + V filter);
 
 
COMET C/2009 P1 (Garradd)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sept. 2.12, [13.0, -- (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
Aug. 20.10, 12.8, 0'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET P/2009 Q4 (Boattini)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 23.13, 16.3, 0'.4 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec. 19.25, 12.7, 0'.8 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     18.25, 12.7, 0'.7 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.08, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Nov. 24.15, 12.8, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.15, 13.3, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET P/2009 Q5 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 18.41, 17.2*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec.  8.50, 16.8*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
July  4.87, [5.0, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
June 28.88, 4.4, & 4' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; twilight and moonlight; comet alt. 5 deg);
     27.88, 5.8, 2' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor; alt. 5 deg);
     26.95, 5.4, 3' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 19x70 binoculars; alt. 9 deg; twilight);
     25.88, 5.2, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars);
     25.02, 4.6*, & 4' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; twilight; alt. 10.5 deg);
     24.03, 5.2, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars);
     23.03, 5.6, 4' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor; 0.5-deg tail in p.a. 330 deg);
     23.03, 5.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars);
     22.89, 4.7*, 8' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; moonlight; alt. 8.5 deg);
     22.11, 5.2, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye);
     20.98, 5.5, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     18.93, 5.1, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars)
     18.10, 5.5, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; 1.5-deg tail in p.a. 320 deg);
     17.96, 5.2, 6' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 25x100 binoculars; city lights; alt. 12 deg);
     17.85, 5.0:, 3' (M.-T. Hui = W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; city lights; twilight; alt. 10 deg);
     16.92, 5.3, 6' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 20x60 binoculars; city lights; alt. 10 deg);
     16.91, 5.9, 8' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 15x70 binoculars);
     15.93, 5.6, 3' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars; twilight);
     15.10, 5.4, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Zamora, Spain, 10x50 binoculars; 2.2-deg tail in p.a. 305 deg);
     14.93, 5.3, 3'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     14.93, 5.5, 6' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15-cm reflector);
     13.95, 5.1, 3' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     13.94, 5.6, 5' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15-cm reflector);
     12.95, 4.9, 6' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     11.97, 5.3, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars);
     11.87, 5.2, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     11.03, 5.7, 5' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye);
     10.9, 5.5, 6'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
     10.02, 5.9, 5' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 30' tail in p.a. 285 deg);
      9.89, 5.6, 6'.8 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 15x70 binoculars);
      9.76, 5.4, -- (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars);
      8.76, 5.5, -- (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars);
      8.02, 6.0, 6' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 40' tail in p.a. 285 deg);
      8.00, 5.8, 6' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 10x50 binoculars);
      7.37, 5.7*, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 6 degrees);
      7.37, 5.8*, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars; moonlight, nautical twilight);
      7.08, 6.7, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.05, 5.4, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
      7.01, 5.7, 6' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 1.8-deg tail in p.a. 280 deg);
      6.97, 5.8, 5' (K. Cernis, Vilnius, Lithuania, 7x50 binoculars; twilight);
      6.37, 5.5, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 10x50 binoculars; alt. 7 deg);
      6.36, 6.3*, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight);
      6.03, 6.0, 4' (M. Tichy, Klet, Czech Rep., 10x50 binoculars);
      6.02, 5.2, 4' (K. Sarneczky, Piszkesteto, Hungary, 20x60 binoculars; 1.2-deg tail in p.a. 280 deg);
      5.99, 5.5, 7' (M. Kusiak, Zywiec, Poland, 7x50 binoculars);
      5.98, 5.4, 8' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars; city lights; alt. 14.5 deg);
      5.93, 5.6, 8' (A. Manannikov, Ramenskoye, Russia, 20-cm reflector; twilight);
      5.75, 5.3, 5'.1 (K. Nagashima, Ikoma, Japan, 10x50 binoculars);
      5.02, 6.2, 3' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor);
      4.04, 6.4, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      4.00, 6.3, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 20x80 binoculars);
      3.05, 6.7, 8' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      1.76, 6.8, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
      1.07, 6.5, 5' (S. Baroni, Milan, Italy, 20x80 binoculars);
May  31.36, 7.1, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference);
     29.84, 6.9, 5'.1 (M.-T. Hui = W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; slight smog; city lights);
     27.36, 7.3, 7' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight interference);
     26.35, 6.8, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars);
     25.75, 7.3, 6' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     25.46, 7.3, 5' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 10x50 binoculars);
     24.85, 7.2, 5' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 8.0-cm refractor; smog; city lights;);
     23.84, 7.0, 5'.4 (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; smog; city lights;);
     23.35, 7.8, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     23.0, 8.2, 3'.5 (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     22.35, 7.7, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 7x50 binoculars);
     22.10, 7.2, 9' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     22.05, 7.5, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
     18.77, 7.6, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     17.83, 8.5, 5' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 25x100 binoculars; smoke, haze);
     17.46, 8.2, 3' (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
     17.14, 7.8, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     16.35, 8.5, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     15.76, 8.0, 9'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.33, 8.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds);
     14.79, 8.6, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
     14.77, 8.5, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     14.33, 9.1:, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds);
     13.78, 8.0, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.78, 9.0, 5' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     11.78, 9.2, 3'.7 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     11.77, 8.3, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.76, 9.1, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.78, 9.6, 3'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      1.77, 10.9, 1'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 25.76, 9.8, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     25.33, 10.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     23.40, 9.9, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     22.76, 9.9, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     21.35, 10.1, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     20.76, 10.1, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.39, 10.0, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     19.40, 10.0, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     18.40, 10.2:, -- (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars; zodiacal light);
     18.35, 10.2, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight);
     17.35, 10.2:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; twilight);
     16.39, 10.1, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     15.40, 10.2, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     14.36, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     13.77, 11.6, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.38, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     12.37, 10.2, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     12.35, 10.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; alt. 23 degrees);
     11.34, 10.7:, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight);
     10.20, 10.2, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; alt. 8 deg);
      9.40, 10.3, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      8.41, 10.3, 3' (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
 
 
COMET P/2009 T2 (La Sagra)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 18.47, 17.4*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec.  8.53, 16.5*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      4.79, 14.8, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Oct. 26.19, 15.3, 0'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET C/2009 U3 (Hill)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar.  8.85, 13.3, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET P/2010 A1 (Hill)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 23.07, 17.8, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET P/2010 A3 (Hill)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.49, 16.5*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Jan. 25.82, 16.0, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET P/2010 A5 (LINEAR)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
May   6.46, 14.1, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Apr. 25.75, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Mar. 19.77, 15.7, 0'.4 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
     15.16, 14.5, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Jan. 30.13, 16.4, 0'.2 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     23.16, 16.2, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2010 B1 (Cardinal)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan. 30.18, 17.0, 0'.2 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     22.80, 17.2, 0'.2 (D. Chestnov and T. Kryachko, near Nizhny Arkhyz, Russia, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2010 F1 (Boattini)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 19.68, 18.2, 0'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET C/2010 F4 (Machholz)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 27.18, 10.7, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     26.83, 11.0, 1'.3 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi-ken, Japan, 0.25-m reflector; DC = 3);
     26.82, 12.3, 1'.5 (K. Kadota, Ageo, Japan, 25-cm reflector + CCD; through clouds);
 
 
COMET C/2010 G1 (Boattini)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.47, 14.5:*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      5.91, 13.2, 0'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET P/2010 H2 (VALES)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
June 17.82, 14.7, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      3.95, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
May  23.63, 11.3, 1'.5 (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; strong moonlight, city lights;);
     22.06, 11.3, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     21.12, 12.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.06, 12.7, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     16.99, 11.5, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.88, 11.6, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     14.16, 12.5, 1'.2 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     13.43, 11.0, 2'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.12, 12.5:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; haze);
     11.43, 11.7, 2'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.41, 12.5, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.87, 11.9, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      9.47, 11.2, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.14, 12.3, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      7.96, 11.9, 2' (T. Karhula, Virsbo, Sweden, 0.25-m reflector; twilight);
      7.69, 12.2, 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
      7.49, 10.6, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      5.40, 11.1, 3'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.40, 11.6, 1'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.00, 12.2, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      2.55, 11.7, 1'.9 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      2.36, 11.7, 1'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      1.50, 11.7, 1'.9 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 25.67, 12.3*, 1'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     23.63, 11.7, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     22.55, 11.3, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     22.02, 11.5, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     21.56, 11.7, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.83, 12.7, 0'.4 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
     20.42, 11.0, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.95, 11.7, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     19.08, 11.5, 0'.7 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     18.15, 11.7, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     16.98, 12.7, -- (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; stellar appearance);
 
 
COMET C/2010 L3 (Catalina)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
June 19.33, 19.2, < 0'.2 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely using a 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.);
 
 
COMET 2P/Encke
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sep. 13.92, 10.5*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
     12.92, 10.4*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
     11.92, 10.3*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
     10.92, 10.1*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
     10.92, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      9.92, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      9.92, 10.0*, 2' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
      8.94, 10.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.92, 9.9*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 27-cm reflector);
      7.94, 10.2, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      5.91, 9.5, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      4.93, 9.6, 2' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20-cm reflector);
      3.92, 9.5*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector);
      2.92, 9.5*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector);
      1.94, 9.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      1.92, 9.4*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector);
Aug. 31.92, 9.3*, 4' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 0.27-m reflector);
     30.92, 9.2*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars);
     29.92, 9.1*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars);
     28.92, 9.1*, 3' (J. G. de S. Aguiar, Campinas, Brazil, 25x100 binoculars);
     27.93, 9.3, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector; alt. 17 deg);
     19.89, 8.8, 2' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20-cm reflector; comet alt. about 12 deg);
     17.34, 7.7, 3'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector; alt. 6 deg);
     16.90, [8.1, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; alt. 10 deg);
 
 
COMET 10P/Tempel
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
Oct. 10.94, 10.3, 5'.5 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector);
      9.93, 10.2, 5'.0 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector);
      6.52, 9.9, 6' (J. Drummond, Gisborne, New Zealand, 41-cm reflector);
      5.73, 10.1, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
Sep. 20.17, 8.5, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     20.08, 8.5, 7'.5 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     16.99, 9.1, 7' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     15.77, 9.5, 7' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     15.01, 8.6, 10' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     12.00, 9.6, 5'.5 (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     12.00, 9.5, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     10.11, 10.0, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     10.07, 8.7, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      9.09, 10.2, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.74, 9.2, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
      7.06, 9.3, 5' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      5.12, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.06, 8.8, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      2.14, 9.4, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
Aug. 22.07, 9.2, &3' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights);
     21.17, 8.7, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight);
     21.01, 8.8, 6' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     20.84, 8.5, 6'.0 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog and clouds; road lights);
     20.16, 8.7, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     20.06, 9.1, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
     18.83, 8.7, 9'.9 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights);
     18.36, 8.4, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     17.84, 8.6, 8'.3 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights);
     17.68, 9.0, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     16.17, 8.5, 7' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     14.18, 8.6, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     13.88, 8.6, 5'.9 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights; twilight);
     12.82, 8.6, 11'.4 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights);
     12.69, 8.6, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     12.09, 10.6, 3'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     10.99, 8.2, 10' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.11-m binokular);
     10.88, 8.8, 8' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights; twilight);
      9.85, 8.8, 7' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights);
      8.85, 9.1, 3' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights);
      8.55, 8.7, -- (D. A. J. Seargent, The Entrance, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
      7.74, 8.7, 8'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      7.69, 9.6, 4'.7 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD);
      7.04, 8.7, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      4.68, 9.4, 6'.2 (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD);
July 21.02, 10.7, 2'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     18.23, 8.5, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     18.12, 8.6, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     17.98, 8.7, 5' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     17.77, 8.5, 8' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     17.58, 8.7, 8' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
     17.14, 8.5, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     16.98, 8.5, 7' (D. Sidorko, Korenovsk, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     15.15, 8.6:, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars, alt. 23 degrees);
     15.02, 8.4, 8'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     14.89, 9.8, 5' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     14.20, 8.6, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     13.90, 9.5, 5' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 20.0-cm reflector);
     13.02, 8.5, 8'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     12.02, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     11.01, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     10.11, 8.2, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     10.08, 9.3, 2'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     10.01, 8.7, 8' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      9.29, 8.6, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
      8.01, 10.3, 4'.0 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
      6.18, 9.7:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.28, 9.4, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.03, 8.7, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
June 22.07, 8.8, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     19.78, 9.3, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.29, 9.2, 8' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     18.64, 8.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.08, 9.1, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.02, 9.8, 4'.3 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; twilight);
     13.64, 9.6, 8'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.33, 9.9, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.69, 9.2, 8'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.75, 10.4, 4'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 37x100 binoculars);
      9.35, 9.9, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.35, 10.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.07, 11.9, 2'.3 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.36, 10.1, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      6.18, 10.3, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      5.77, 10.2, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
May  23.33, 10.9, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     22.33, 11.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.11, 11.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.31, 12.4:, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; comet near stars of mag 6 and 7);
     13.76, 10.5, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.79, 12.2, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.74, 13.3, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Apr. 25.74, 13.5, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.65, 13.8, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     22.74, 14.4, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET 17P/Holmes
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Feb.  5.50, [19.0, -- (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 19P/Borrelly
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Mar. 25.98, 16.1, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
     22.16, 12.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Feb.  2.11, 15.9, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 22P/Kopff
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Jan.  6.41, 16.3*, 0'.5 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec.  8.41, 15.5*, 0'.6 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Nov. 17.74, 14.4, 0'.9 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     15.43, 13.4, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.00, 12.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      9.41, 14.0, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.83, 11.7, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET 29P/SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
June  8.42, 12.9, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.41, 12.5, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      5.35, 13.5, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.93, 11.8, 1'.8 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
May  16.98, 11.2, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     11.42, 12.4, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.40, 12.4, 2'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.78, 12.2, 1'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      9.49, 12.3, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      7.49, 12.4, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.41, 11.3, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      5.40, 11.3, 2'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.46, 11.3, 2'.3 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      3.39, 11.8, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      2.48, 11.5, 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      1.94, 12.0, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      1.47, 11.4, 2'.2 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 25.59, 13.1*, -- (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     20.40, 11.9, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.93, [11.6, -- (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     17.88, 13.3, 0'.3 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.46-m reflector + CCD + V filter; moonlight);
     18.98, 12.3, 0'.7 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.83, 11.6, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     17.00, 11.7, 2'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; new outburst);
     16.96, 12.5, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.27, [12.0, (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, Hawaii, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.02, 12.4, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      4.89, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Mar. 21.56, 11.7*, 5' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     19.86, 11.8, 1'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     19.58, 11.1*, 5'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
     19.50, 11.9, 5'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector);
     18.44, 11.1, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     17.79, 13.1, 0'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     17.41, 11.4, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.45, 11.8, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.12, 11.7, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.27, [12.0, -- (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, HI, U.S.A., 0.20-m reflector);
     13.98, 11.5, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.12, 11.2, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      9.83, 11.5, 2' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
      9.50, 11.4, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.89, 11.2, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.47, 11.4, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      7.27, [12.5, -- (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, HI, U.S.A., 0.20-m reflector);
      7.00, 11.0, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      5.88, 10.6, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
      1.81, 10.8, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Feb. 21.17, 10.7, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     19.61, 10.6, 1'.5 (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
     17.80, 11.0, 1'.8 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     16.85, 10.7, 2'.1 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     15.08, 10.8, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     15.04, 11.7, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     14.28, 10.8, 2'.5 (M. Linnolt, Dillingham, Hawaii, 0.20-m reflector);
     13.73, 10.9, 2'.0 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     10.50, 10.7, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.04, 11.1, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.10, 10.8, 1'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      7.25, 11.0, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight);
      6.54, 10.8, 0'.5 (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
      6.35, 11.5, 1'.14 (S. E. Shurpakov, Baran, Belarus, 36-cm reflector + CCD);
      6.12, 11.3, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      5.66, 11.0, -- (K. Kadota, Ageo, Japan, 0.25-m reflector + CCD);
      5.57, 11.0, 0'.4 (D. Chestnov, remotely from Moorook, S. Australia, 0.15-m refractor + CCD);
2009
Dec. 12.15, 12.0, 2' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Nov. 25.72, 13.2, 0'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     24.14, 11.9, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.11, 11.8, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.28, 11.9, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET 30P/Reinmuth
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.50, 16.2*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Mar. 21.47, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      9.79, 13.0, 0'.8 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
Feb. 21.44, 15.2*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      5.19, 15.1, 0'.5 (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector + CCD);
      3.00, 13.3, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
Jan. 29.83, 14.8, 0'.5 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     18.53, 14.8*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec. 24.12, 13.4, 0'.4 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      8.56, 15.1*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Nov. 26.94, 15.6, 0'.6 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     24.08, 15.2, 0'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.92, 16.0, 0'.2 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
 
 
COMET 33P/Daniel
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Feb. 25.85, 13.7, 0'.7 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     22.87, 13.5, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     20.91, 14.4, 0'.4 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; in outburst);
 
 
COMET 43P/Wolf-Harrington
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Sep. 16.15, 17.4, 0'.3 (D. Chestnov, remotely, 0.36-m reflector near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., + CCD);
     10.83, 17.5, 0'.3 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 47P/Ashbrook-Jackson
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Nov. 26.87, 17.4, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
Oct. 16.00, 18.6, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 64P/Swift-Gehrels
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Sep. 16.46, 15.0, 0'.5 (D. Chestnov, remotely from near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A., 0.41-m reflector + CCD);
July 25.15, 12.8, 0'.4 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET 65P/GUNN
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Sep. 10.97, 13.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, ASAS);
      9.94, 13.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, ASAS);
Aug.  6.98, 11.7, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      6.97, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      6.60, 12.1, 1'.7 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
July 18.21, 11.5, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     18.13, 11.5, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     17.74, 12.3, 1'.8 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     17.59, 11.8, 3' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.00, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     14.14, 11.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     10.07, 11.5, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      9.27, 11.9:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector; near 12th-mag star);
      6.15, 11.5, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.30, 11.5:, 0'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
June 20.42, 13.2, 1'.6 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely with a 35.5-cm reflector  + CCD located near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.);
     19.78, 13.3, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.07, 11.9, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     12.56, 13.9, 1'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.31, 12.6, 0'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     10.68, 14.1, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
May  22.12, 12.3, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     11.79, 13.3, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.75, 13.5, 0'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Apr. 22.75, 14.4, 0'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Mar. 25.72, 13.4, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.72, 13.6, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.74, 13.8, < 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
2009
July 24.91, 12.5, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.91, 12.7, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
May  26.92, 9.7, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light);
     24.92, 10.5, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     21.90, 10.5:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     18.91, 9.8, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector; zodiacal light);
 
 
COMET 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 21.61, 16.1*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Jan. 23.18, 16.3, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
2009
Apr. 10.78, 16.2, 0'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 81P/Wild
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Aug.  6.90, 12.2, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
July 14.94, [12.0, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     11.95, 12.2, 1'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector);
      9.95, 12.0, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 0.22-m reflector);
      4.98, 11.8, 2'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      1.96, 11.7, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
June 17.84, 11.6, 1'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     16.02, 11.4, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.52, 10.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.00, 11.0, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     10.93, 12.5, 1'.3 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
     10.45, 10.4, 7' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.45, 10.7, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.06, 10.8, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      7.83, 11.2, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      6.98, 11.0:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      6.43, 10.7, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.01, 11.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      5.96, 10.5, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      5.37, 10.2, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.98, 10.1, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      1.00, 10.5, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
May  29.94, 10.6, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     23.67, 10.0, 2' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 21.0-cm reflector; moonlight and city lights;);
     22.07, 9.7, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     21.14, 10.4, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     20.00, 10.2:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     17.08, 10.2, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.00, 9.6, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.17, 10.0, 1' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     14.18, 10.0, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     13.43, 9.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.14, 10.0, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; haze);
     13.04, 9.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
     11.70, 9.8, 4' (W.-t. Xu, Wuhan, China, 0.13-m reflector; city lights);
     11.43, 9.9, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.42, 9.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.96, 9.7, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
      9.89, 10.2, 1'.7 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      9.49, 9.9, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.17, 9.9, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      7.70, 10.0, 3'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
      7.50, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.98, 9.6, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      6.43, 9.9, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      5.41, 10.2, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.41, 9.6, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      3.02, 9.8, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      2.50, 9.9, 6' (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      2.36, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      1.97, 9.8, 4'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      1.97, 9.6, 2' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      1.51, 9.9, 5'.5 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
Apr. 30.95, 10.9, 0'.9 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     30.92, 9.7:, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector, nebulosity);
     29.47, 10.2, 2' (Y. Nagai, Saitama, Japan, 300-mm camera lens + CCD);
     25.69, 10.2*, 3' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     23.64, 8.7, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.08, 9.8, 4'.7 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     22.57, 8.7, 5'.9 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     22.03, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     20.83, 10.2, 1'.6 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
     20.41, 9.5, 4'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.01, 9.8, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     19.13, 9.8, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     19.10, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     18.38, 8.7, 5' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars);
     18.18, 9.6, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     17.86, 10.3, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     17.17, 8.4, 7' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars);
     17.14, 9.8, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     17.09, 9.3, 5' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 20-cm reflector);
     16.17, 8.7, 5' (A. Amorim, San Rafael, Argentina, 11x70 binoculars);
     16.08, 9.6, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds);
     16.08, 9.7, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     15.46, 9.5, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.13, 9.7, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     14.13, 9.7, 5'.2 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     14.09, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds);
     14.00, 8.9, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     13.75, 9.2, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.12, 9.7, 5'.2 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     13.06, 9.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.076-m reflector);
     12.94, 9.1, 3'.4 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     12.94, 8.8, 2'.3 (S. Niskanen, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     12.83, 9.5, 3' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     12.54, 9.3, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
     12.08, 9.7, 4'.9 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     12.05, 9.1, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     11.13, 9.7, 4'.9 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
     11.11, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     10.71, 9.5, 4' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
     10.21, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     10.15, 9.2, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
     10.13, 9.6, 5'.1 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      9.12, 9.6, 4'.6 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      8.50, 8.9, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
      8.10, 9.6, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      8.08, 9.6, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      7.12, 9.5, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
      7.10, 9.6, 4'.5 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      7.04, 9.4, 4'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
      6.19, 9.6, 4'.8 (M. Lehky, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, 0.08-m refractor);
      6.04, 9.4, 4'.5 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
      6.02, 8.8, 7' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
      5.82, 9.0, 4' (V. M. Ivanov, Saratov, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
      5.46, 9.1, 4' (D. A. J. Seargent, Cowra, NSW, Australia, 25x100 binoculars);
      5.19, 9.5, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; moonlight);
      5.02, 9.4, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      4.04, 9.6, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds);
      3.99, 9.8, 3' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector +  CCD + R_c filter);
      3.92, 9.2, 3'.8 (A. Novichonok, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
      3.92, 9.2, -- (D. Kirienko, Spasskaya Guba, Russia, 13-cm reflector, northern lights);
      3.01, 9.0, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; moonlight);
Mar. 25.69, 8.9, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     24.04, 9.7, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     23.70, 9.6, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     23.49, 10.3, 1'.7 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
     23.06, 9.6, 4' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     21.72, 9.0, 2'.5 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     21.63, 9.9*, 4' (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     20.29, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     19.95, 9.8, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     19.73, 9.2, 2'.1 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     19.51, 9.3, 5'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 20cm Reflector);
     19.15, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     18.69, 9.5, 5'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.05, 9.2, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector; light pollution);
     17.96, 9.6, 2'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     17.95, 9.5, 5'.4 (A. Novichonok, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     17.95, 9.2, 5' (D. Kirienko, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     17.12, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; clouds);
     16.70, 9.4, 5'.1 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.14, 9.5, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     14.12, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     13.73, 8.9, 2'.5 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     13.31, 9.2, 6' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     12.17, 9.3, 6' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     11.71, 9.0, 3'.0 (K. Harikae, Chiba, Japan, 7-cm camera lens + CCD);
     11.14, 9.4, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; very near a star of mag 10.2);
     11.07, 9.3, 5' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
     10.11, 9.5, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     10.02, 9.5, 4'.5 (A. Novichonok, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     10.02, 9.7, -- (D. Kirienko, Vikshitsa fields, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
      9.98, 9.8, 3'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      9.51, 9.9, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.16, 9.4, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
      8.50, 9.6, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.12, 9.3, 4' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      7.14, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight);
Feb. 23.19, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; air pollution);
     21.25, 9.7, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
     20.77, 10.3*, 3'.5 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + CCD);
     20.18, 9.6, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     19.62, 9.6, 3' (M. Mattiazzo, Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, 20-cm reflector);
     17.93, 10.5, 3'.0 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     16.97, 10.3, 3'.4 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13-cm reflector);
     13.82, 9.8, 4' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     12.69, 10.3, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.70, 10.0, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.59, 10.2, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.07, 9.7, 3' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.12, 10.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds);
      7.28, 10.1, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight);
      6.21, 10.0:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight and clouds);
Jan. 13.09, 9.7, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
2009
Dec. 29.21, 10.3, 2'.9 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
     27.17, 10.4, 2'.6 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights);
     27.08, 10.5, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     26.26, 11.6, 1' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 0.20-m refractor);
     26.23, 10.5, 2'.8 (M. Meyer, Limburg, Germany, 15-cm refractor);
     23.69, 11.6, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.67, 11.8, 2'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.28, 11.3, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.67, 10.7, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     16.70, 10.7, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.16, 10.3, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Nov. 25.71, 11.8, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     24.17, 10.5, 4'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     21.73, 10.8, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.14, 10.7, 3'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.72, 11.1, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.69, 11.4, 2'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     14.30, 12.1, 0'.8 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET 88P/Howell
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Feb.  2.79, 12.0, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Jan. 18.40, 13.0*, 1'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      6.38, 11.5*, 2'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec. 20.97, 9.7:, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; moonlight);
     20.43, 10.6, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     17.97, 9.6, 5' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.44, 9.8, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.44, 11.3, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.42, 10.0, 2'.3 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      8.39, 11.2*, 1'.0 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      7.43, 9.2, 7'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.96, 8.9, 3' (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      4.78, 8.6, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      2.96, 9.7:, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds and moonlight);
Nov. 21.42, 9.3, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.45, 9.8, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.78, 8.4, 7' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.39, 8.6, 6'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.41, 8.5, 6'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     13.98, 9.4, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.98, 9.4, 3' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.44, 9.2, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     11.40, 9.4, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.40, 8.8, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      9.39, 8.9, 6'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      4.98, 9.1, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars);
      3.96, 9.2, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      3.39, 10.1, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      2.95, 9.0, -- (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars; moonlight and clouds);
      2.93, 8.8:, 3' (W. Souza, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 20x80 binoculars);
      1.38, 9.2, 5'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET 94P/Russell
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.60, 16.8*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Mar. 21.58, 16.6*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     19.64, 16.0, 0'.4 (K. Yoshimoto, Hirao, Yamaguchi, Japan, 16-cm reflector + V filter);
Jan. 23.09, 16.3, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 103P/Hartley
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Oct. 11.34, 5.8, 30' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars);
     10.91, 5.4:, 35' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, naked eye);
     10.86, 5.6, 45' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars);
     10.84, 5.9, 14' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
     10.80, 5.9, & 25' (B. H. Granslo, {\O}rfiske, Nittedal, Norway, 7x50 binoculars);
     10.79, 5.5, 40' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye);
     10.78, 6.3, 30' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor);
     10.75, 7.0, 20' (M. Sikora, Lublin, Poland, 12x60 binoculars);
      9.97, 5.7, 22' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars);
      9.95, 5.7, 30' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, naked eye);
      9.95, 5.5:, 35' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, naked eye);
      9.94, 6.4, 25' (K. Hornoch, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.07-m refractor);
      9.87, 5.7, 45' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars);
      9.85, 6.8 , 15' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
      9.01, 5.9, 18' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 6.8-cm refractor);
      8.94, 6.3, 21' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 11x70 binoculars; cirrus clouds);
      8.84, 6.3, 12' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      8.32, 5.8, & 30' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars);
      7.96, 6.8, 19' (P. Horalek, Pardubice, Czech republic, 10x50 binoculars);
      7.89, 5.1, 50' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 4x30 monocular);
      7.89, 6.3, 12' (A. Diepvens, Balen, Belgium, 20x50 binoculars);
      7.87, 5.8, 35' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars);
      7.81, 6.0, 26' (M. L. Paradowski, Pustelnik, Poland, 7x50 binoculars);
      7.74, 8.6, 4'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      6.83, 6.7, 18' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars);
      6.14, 6.2:, 20' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 20x100 binoculars; light pollution; alt. 11 deg);
      5.67, 5.9, 32' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 7x35 binoculars);
      5.21, 7.2, 24' (C. S. Morris, Fillmore, CA, U.S.A., 10x50 binoculars);
      4.94, 6.9, 11' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 6.8-cm refractor);
      4.83, 5.3, 45' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, naked eye);
      3.92, 7.4, 9' (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 7x50 binoculars);
      3.84, 7.5, 12' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector);
      3.01, 7.5, & 8' (D. W. E. Green, Lexington, MA, U.S.A., 20x80 binoculars);
      2.98, 7.8, 10' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector; fog);
      2.87, 6.8, 35' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars, DC=4);
      2.86, 6.4, 25' (J. J. Gonzalez, Cantabria, Spain, 4x30 monocular);
      1.89, 7.8, 11' (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector);
      1.66, 7.3, 15' (M.-T. Hui, north Canton, China, 20.0-cm reflector; road lights);
Sep. 30.96, 8.1, 9'.5 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector; moonlight);
     30.80, 7.3, 25' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars);
     30.79, 8.3, 8'.4 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
     29.83, 7.5, 20' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars);
     29.82, 7.7, 15' (G. Pappa, Mascalucia, Italy, 12x50 binoculars);
     29.82, 7.3, 12' (B. H. Granslo, {\O}rfiske, Nittedal, Norway, 7x50 binoculars);
     28.86, 7.7, 9' (B. H. Granslo, Fjellhamar, Norway, 0.10-m refractor; moonlight, some light pollution);
     28.83, 7.2, 18' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     28.78, 8.1, 8'.4 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight);
     27.82, 7.3, 13' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     22.83, 8.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight);
     21.83, 8.2, 9' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight);
     20.80, 8.3, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars; moonlight);
     20.16, 8.1, 15' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     20.07, 7.9, & 16' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars);
     19.02, 10.0, 4'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
     18.77, 9.4, 3'.5 (M.-T. Hui, Wuchang, China, 0.13-m reflector; city lights; haze);
     18.00, 8.7, 14' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 0.30-m reflector);
     17.83, 8.8, 10' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     17.80, 10.3, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter; moonlight);
     16.96, 9.0, & 11' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars);
     15.87, 8.3, 12' (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 7x50 binoculars);
     15.75, 8.8, 10' (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 20x100 binoculars);
     15.00, 8.5, 15' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 10x50 binoculars);
     14.89, 10.2, 5'.6 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
     13.78, 11.0, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     13.12, 9.7, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     12.17, 9.7, 4' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.98, 9.0, 4' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     11.95, 9.8, 4' (I. Los', Saratov, Russia, 15.0-cm reflector);
     11.89, 8.7, & 11' (J. Cerny, Senohraby, Czech Republic, 8x40 binoculars);
     11.85, 9.1, 6'.0 (P. Horalek, Ustupky, Czech republic, 35-cm reflector);
     10.93, 9.0, 8' (J. Cerny, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
     10.82, 10.0, 4' (V. Ivanov, Peschanka, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     10.12, 10.3:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     10.05, 9.3, 8' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      9.92, 9.9, 6'.2 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13.0-cm reflector);
      9.10, 10.0, 0'.5 (A. Amorim, Florianopolis, Brazil, 0.18-m reflector);
      8.94, 10.0, 5'.9 (A. Novichonok, Konchezero, Russia, 13.0-cm reflector);
      8.90, 9.5, 7' (B. H. Granslo, Malm, Norway, 0.05-m refractor);
      8.70, 9.6, 5'.2 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
      6.85, 9.4, 7' (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 25x100 binoculars);
      6.76, 11.1, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      5.84, 11.0, 3'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
      4.86, 9.8, 6' (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 25x100 binoculars);
      4.84, 11.1, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
      4.77, 11.2, 3'.0 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      1.91, 10.5, 0'.5 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
      1.79, 10.8, 2'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
Aug. 31.85, 11.1, 4'.7 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter; moonlight);
     27.77, 11.8, 2'.1 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     26.79, 12.8, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter; haze, moonlight);
     25.80, 12.3, 1'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     24.85, 12.7, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     22.83, 12.8, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     22.04, 12.4, 0'.6 (M. L. Paradowski, Lublin, Poland, 0.20-m reflector; city lights);
     20.94, 13.2, 0'.8 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     20.18, 12.3, 1'.3 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     18.88, 13.3, 0'.8 (A. Smirnov, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     18.77, 12.7, 1'.4 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; road lights);
     18.71, 12.5, 1'.1 (K. Yoshimoto, Yamaguchi, Japan, 0.25-m reflector);
     16.88, 12.8, 1'.2 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 61.5-cm reflector);
     15.90, 13.0:, 0'.7 (A. Novichonok, Sheltozero, Russia, 25.4-cm reflector);
     13.88, 14.0, 1'.5 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
     13.85, 14.0, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     13.79, 12.8, 1'.2 (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; smog; road lights);
     11.90, 14.1, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     10.96, 14.3, 1' (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
     10.94, 12.7, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     10.82, 12.8:, 1' (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights);
      9.96, 14.0, 0'.8 (W. Hasubick, Buchloe, Germany, 44-cm reflector);
      9.75, [12.3, -- (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights);
      8.77, [12.1, -- (M.-T. Hui, northern Canton, China, 20-cm reflector; clouds; road lights);
      7.91, 14.1, 0'.8 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
      7.57, 13.4, 0'.6 (S. Yoshida, Gunma, Japan, 0.40-m reflector);
      6.96, 13.2, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      1.90, 14.3, 0'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
July 29.85, 14.8, 0'.6 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     22.91, 15.0, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     20.97, 16.6, 0'.4 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
     20.96, 15.5, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     18.06, [14.5, ! 0'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     13.01, 16.4, 0'.2 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
 
 
COMET 118P/Shoemaker-Levy
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.53, 15.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Mar. 21.48, 14.7*, 0'.5 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     13.96, 13.1:, 0'.75 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      9.78, 12.5, 1'.3 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
      8.80, 12.1, 1' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
Feb. 21.48, 14.2*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      2.98, 12.0, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
      2.82, 12.3, 1'.0 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Jan. 29.86, 15.1, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     18.57, 13.3*, 0'.8 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     12.90, 11.5, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
2009
Dec. 27.12, 13.7, 0'.6 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     23.68, 12.7, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     20.46, 13.2, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.15, 12.8, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.46, 12.8, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     16.69, 13.5, 1'.2 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     16.21, 12.7:, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector; clouds);
     15.46, 12.4, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.03, 13.3, 0'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.59, 13.3*, 0'.7 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Nov. 19.92, 13.3, 1'.0 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
     18.98, 13.8, 0'.4 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     18.19, 13.5, 0'.6 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET 137P/Shoemaker-Levy
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Dec.  8.65, 18.0*, < 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Nov. 27.00, 18.0, 0'.2 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 141P/Machholz
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Apr. 25.79, 11.3, 0'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
 
 
COMET 149P/Mueller
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
June 19.29, 18.4, < 0'.2 (A. Novichonok and D. Chestnov, remotely using a 35.5-cm reflector + CCD near Mayhill, NM, U.S.A.);
Mar. 21.66, 18.6*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 157P/Tritton
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar.  8.78, [12.0, -- (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
Feb. 21.41, 15.2*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Jan. 29.77, 15.9, 0'.4 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
      6.44, 16.1*, 0'.4 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Dec.  8.44, 16.9*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Nov. 21.82, 17.3, 0'.2 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.46-m reflector + CCD + V filter);
Sep. 14.91, 17.8, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 169P/NEAT
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 21.53, 17.9*, 0'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
Feb.  4.05, 14.3:, 0'.25 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
2009
Dec. 17.43, 13.3, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      7.42, 11.6, 3'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
Nov. 21.41, 11.6, 1'.5 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.77, 9.2, 4' (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
 
 
COMET 203P/Korlevic
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Mar. 21.44, 17.1*, 0'.3 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
2009
Nov. 26.98, 16.3, 0'.7 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
Oct. 16.02, 17.2, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
Sep. 16.06, 17.6, 0'.2 (V. Nevski, Vitebsk, Belarus, 0.30-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 211P/2008 X1 (Hill)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2009
Sep. 25.46, 10.1, 1'.5 (C. W. Hergenrother, Tucson, Arizona, 30x125 binoculars);
Jan.  5.86, 17.4, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
 
 
COMET 217P/2009 F3 (LINEAR)
     Total-magnitude and coma-diameter estimates (visual unless otherwise noted):
2010
Feb.  2.88, 13.5, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
Jan. 29.91, 17.1, 0'.3 (A. Baransky, Lisnyky, Ukraine, 0.70-m reflector + CCD);
     18.54, 14.0*, 1'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
     12.92, 12.7, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Asturias, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
2009
Dec. 23.69, 10.7, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     18.21, 12.1, 1' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     17.47, 10.5, 4'.8 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     16.89, 11.9, 2' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 32-cm reflector);
     16.69, 11.0, 6'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.47, 12.0, 2'.7 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     12.99, 12.5, 2'.8 (J. Qvam, Borrevannet, Horten, Norway, 0.10-m refractor + CCD + V filter);
     12.02, 11.7, 1'.5 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
      8.64, 12.3*, 1'.2 (M. Tsumura, Wakayama, Japan, 35-cm reflector + CCD);
      7.48, 14.0, 1'.6 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
      6.06, 10.9:, 2' (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
Nov. 25.70, 12.2, 1' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     24.03, 11.2, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     21.53, 11.8, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     19.94, 11.0, 2'.5 (M. Lehky, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, 0.42-m reflector);
     19.01, 11.0, 2'.5 (T. Scarmato, Calabria, Italy, 25-cm reflector + CCD + R_c filter);
     18.08, 10.7, 1'.2 (J. J. Gonzalez, Leon, Spain, 0.20-m reflector);
     16.56, 11.9, 3' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     15.68, 12.4, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     14.26, 10.6, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     14.17, 10.6, 3' (U. Pilz, Leipzig, Germany, 12-cm refractor);
     13.12, 10.6, 2'.5 (M. Goiato, Aracatuba, Brazil, 22-cm reflector);
     11.51, 11.4, 2' (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);
     10.50, 11.4, 2'.4 (C. Wyatt, Walcha, NSW, Australia, 25-cm reflector);


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