International Comet Quarterly
Some interesting meteorite falls of the last two centuries
Records in the past century indicate that roughly one impact of a meteorite fall per year is found to hit a human-built structure, often causing some minor damage; there are thus many more meteorites hitting human structures per year, with Halliday et al. (1985, *Nature* *318*, p. 317) estimating that roughly sixteen buildings per year in the world would receive some damage, and that a person would be expected to be struck about once every nine years on average -- a number suggesting (along with quite a large number of reported animal deaths due to meteorite falls over the millennia) that reports of human deaths (see list below) are indeed likely to be true in at least some historical cases. The most recent purported human death attributed to a meteorite fall, announced in the New York Times, occurred on 1929 Nov. 20, when one person in a carriage of a bridal party in Zvezvan, Yugoslavia, was reportedly killed (and another injured) after being hit by a 40-cm meteorite. It has been estimated that a one-ton meteorite mass (meaning multiple pieces landing from a single incoming meteoroid) hits the ground somewhere on earth every year, and a 10-ton meteorite mass lands about once every 15 years [M. Zolensky et al. 2006, in Meteorites and the Early Solar System II, ed. by D. S. Lauretta and H. Y. McSween, Jr. (University of Arizona Press), pp 869ff].
While no meteorite has been found, the famous Tunguska fireball air blast of 1908 June 30 over Siberia knocked several people off their feet, hurled one person several meters through the air, killed a herd of reindeer, and demolished the forest with trees blown down radially outward from the center of the blast for 2150 square km (Brown 1973; Steele 1995, 2000) -- and it can easily be surmised that a few nomadic people in the sparsely-populated area may have been killed. But scientific visits to the Tunguska area did not occur until many years later; Waterfield (1938) described the 1920s expeditions of L. A. Kulik, who interviewed local residents who described a daylight bluish-white fireball seen moving across the sky around 6 am local time (compared by some to be as bright as the sun), and a strong hot wind was described by numerous observers many tens of miles from the impact site that was strong enough to throw horses and people to the ground. Thunder was heard more than 600 miles from the impact site -- notable to the area residents because it occurred with a clear blue sky. Kulik found a remarkable impact site with no crater and no found meteorites but with trees air-blasted outward from the center for some 20 miles with very few trees left standing: "they radiated outwards from a centre like the ribs of an umbrella". There has been some debate as to whether the parent body was cometary or asteroidal, but a cometary nature was widely thought for decades due to the lack of a crater and the presumption that a comet of the size needed for such a large explosion would be more likely to completely disintegrate (see F. L. Whipple 1962, Trans. IAU X1A, p. 215).
The most documented injuries from a single meteorite fall appear to be those caused by the Chelyabinsk fireball of 2013 Feb. 15, where over a thousand people were apparently injured by falling broken glass from buildings, caused by the shock wave of the fireball.
Below are more than a hundred selected meteorite falls (in scores of different countries/nations) that are notable for striking people, animals, or man-made structures; for large amounts of weight/mass and/or great number of meteorites recovered from single falls; or for notable scientific reasons. Note that a "fall" here means that the meteorites were collected soon after they actually fell through the earth's atmosphere (vs. those many meteorite finds that are found many years, and sometimes many centuries, after their falls to earth). For comparison (vs. meteorite falls), the largest meteorite find is the Hoba meteorite, which was found in 1920 on a farm in Namibia, weighing about 60 tonnes, having fallen tens of thousands of years ago and now measuring 2.7 x 2.7 x 0.9 m and composed of about 84% iron and 16% nickel. [Note: an older html version of this page can be accessed at this link]
DATE LOCATION REMARKS REFERENCES
1799 09 29 Saint-Ouen-en- H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [31]
Champagne, Pays de the feet of a day laborer
la Loire, France after a violent thunder clap
at 3 pm; too hot to touch at
first; weighed 9 lb 7 oz
1803 04 26 L'Aigle, Lower L6 chondrite meteorite shower [32]
Normandy, France of more than 3000 fragments
Jean-Baptiste Biot's work on
these meteorites pointed to
an extraterrestrial origin
for the stones and gave birth
to the science of meteoritics
1807 12 14 Weston, CT, U.S.A. meteor visible half a minute, [21]
loud sounds heard, many stones
found scattered over 6-10
miles, weighing as much as
200 lbs. total (largest
meteorite weighed 35 lbs)
1825 01 16 Oriang, Malwate, man killed, woman injured in [14, 17,
India meteorite fall [considered 25]
"possible" by LaPaz (1958)]
1827 02 16 Mhow, India man wounded "severely in the [12, 17,
arm" when hit by meteorite 25]
1836 11 11 Macau, Brazil cattle killed when hit by [12, 17,
shower of meteorites 25]
[considered "possible" by
LaPaz (1958)]
1844 12 01 Lo-shih Shan, eleven stones fell; wall and side [1]
An-chi, China wall and room of Li Wei-kung's
Temple damaged
1847 07 14 Hauptmannsdorf, 37-pound Braunau iron meteorite [12, 17,
Braunau, Bohemia smashed into a room, covering 25]
three children with ceiling
debris but not hurting them
1850 10 17 Tang village, near shiny black stone broke through [1]
T'ing-ch'eng, China roof of a house
1860 05 01 New Concord, OH, horse struck and killed by [12, 17,
USA meteorite 25]
1863 08 08 Pillistfer, Latvia 5.4-kg stony meteorite [25]
penetrated tile roof and
floor of building
1866 06 09 Knyahinya, Hungary 293-kg meteorite was seen to fall; [111]
total mass of meteorites in this
fall was about 476 kg, recovered
from a strewn field of 9 x 3 miles;
the largest meteorite penetrated
the ground to a depth of 11 feet
1868 01 30 Pultusk, Poland meteorite shower of more than [12,
100,000 fragments; bright fireball 27]
1874 06 30 Chin-kuei Shan, huge stone fell from sky, crushed [1]
Ming-tung Li, China half a cottage, killing a child
1879 01 31 Dun-le-Poelier, France farmer reported killed by meteorite [26]
1879 Nov./Dec. Huang-hsiang, China many black stones rained down, [1]
damaging many houses; sulfur smell
1882 02 03 Mocs, Romania meteorite shower of thousands [12,
of fragments; bright fireball 27]
1888 08 22 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq meteorite struck a hill, creating [105]
an airburst and throwing up
fragments that struck two men and
damaged crops; one of the men was
killed and the other paralyzed
1890 05 02 Forest City, IA, USA meteorite shower of some 2000 [12,
fragments; one fragment fell into 27]
a pile of hay (no fire); bright
fireball seen
1893 09 02 Zabrodje, White 3-kg stony meteorite fell through [25]
Russia house roof
1906 11 04 Constantia, South 1-kg stony meteorite smashed [25]
Africa through roof and ceiling
(2-pound piece recovered)
1907 09 05 Hsin-p-ai Wei, meteorite caused a house to [1]
Weng-li, China collapse, killing a family
1908 06 30 Tunguska, Siberia apparent airblast (no recovered [15,
meteorites) of an object entering 26,
earth's atmosphere; leveled 27]
hundreds of square miles of forest,
killing hundreds of reindeer;
unverified two people killed;
see also introductory text above
1911 06 16 Kilbourn, WI, USA 772-gm stony meteorite passed [25]
through roof and floorboard of
barn, penetrated 2.5 inches into
clay floor
1911 06 28 Nakhla, Egypt dog struck and killed by [12, 17,
meteorite (part of meteorite 25, 36]
shower); presumed Martian origin
1912 07 19 Holbrook, AZ, USA meteorite shower of more than [12, 13]
14000 fragments; meteorite
fell a few meters from a person;
largest fragment 9 pounds
1913 02 09 Canada, USA, no meteorites recovered, but listed [111]
Atlantic Ocean here because it was described as
"the most remarkable group of
meteorites ever observed"; visible
from Saskatshewan to ships "beyond
Bermuda", total path perhaps 6000
miles taking about 7 minutes --
at least ten groups of fireballs
with 20-40 members per group all,
traveling along the same path on
the sky and leaving long trails,
causing thunder, and causing tremors
1915 04 25 Ta-yang, east of meteorite tore off a woman's [1]
Mai-po, China arm; several meteorites, ranging
from about 2 to about 3.5 kg
1916 01 18 Baxter, MO, USA 611-gm stony meteorite [25]
penetrated roof of house
1921 12 31 Beyrout, Syria 1.1-kg stony meteorite fell [25]
through hut roof
1924 07 06 Johnstown, CO, USA meteorites fell within a few feet [13]
of two men; 50-pound stone went
5 feet into wet soil; 27 verified
meteorites found, including a
12-pound meteorite that created
a hole about 18-20 inches deep
just outside a cemetery where a
funeral was going on; the fall
was accompannied by smoke in
the sky and a "deafening blast
of what resembled rifle shots"
to funeral attendees; the
largest piece (nearly 52 pounds
by weight) was found nearly a
week later and is on exhibit at
the American Museum of Natural
History in New York City
1927 04 28 Aba-mura, Inashiki- young girl suffered two head [16, 25]
gun, Ibaragi-ken, injuries when struck by a
Japan stony meteorite
1929 11 20 Zvezvan, Yugoslavia man riding in a carriage in [28]
a wedding party was killed when
hit by a 40-cm meteorite; a
woman sitting opposite him
was badly injured; "meteor ...
was glowing hot"
1931 07 09 Ardon, Castilla 5.49-g L6 ordinary chondrite [33]
y Leon, Spain fell in a street in front of
an 11-yr-old girl after she
saw a bolide in the sky
1932 08 10 Archie, MO, USA meteorite fell less than 1 m [12, 13]
from person
1936 04 02 Yurtuk, Ukraine 2-kg stony meteorite smashed [25]
hole in roof of house
1938 03 31 Kasamatsu, Japan 721-gm stony meteorite [25]
penetrated house roof, landed
on floor
1938 06 16 Pantar, Philippines numerous buildings hit by [12, 25]
thousands of meteorites "as
big as corn and rice grains"
1938 06 24 Chicora, PA, USA cow's hide injured, presumably [17, 25,
by a fragment belonging to the 27]
meteorite shower in that area
on that day; bright fireball seen
1938 09 29 Benld, IL, USA building and car hit by stony [12, 13,
meteorites; the car was hit by 25]
a 4-pound fragment after it
crashed through the roof of a
garage, then through roof, seat,
and floorboards of car
1947 02 12 Sikhote-Alin, south- largest meteorite shower on [2, 27]
eastern Siberia record; estimated 100 tons of
total debris fell, the largest
weighing 1745 kg; some 9000
fragments weighing about 28
tons recovered; largest crater
28 m wide; bright fireball
1948 02 18 Norton County, KS; very large shower of Ca-poor [34]
Furnas Cty, NE, USA aubrite meteorites after a
brilliant fireball and loud;
main mass weighs about 1070
kg (2360 lbs), on display at
University of New Mexico in
Albuquerque
1949 09 21 Beddgelert, N. Wales 794-gm stony meteorite broke [25]
through roof and fell into
hotel room
1950 09 20 Murray, KY, USA five buildings hit by meteorites; [12,
bright fireball seen 27]
1950 12 10 St. Louis, MO, USA car hit by meteorite [12]
1952 06 09 Abee, AB, Canada 107-kg (236-lb) enstatite [69]
is the only example known
of an EH4 impact-melt
breccia meteorite; fell at
11:05 pm local time and
recovered from a 6-ft-deep
(1.8-m-deep) crater in a
wheat field
1954 11 30 Sylacauga, AL, USA woman in home hit by meteorite [3, 12,
after breaking through roof 25]
1956 02 29 McMurchie ranch H5 stony meteorite fell during [68]
near Centerville, the night, striking a corn
South Dakota, USA planter in a shed after
penetrating the aluminum roof;
main mass and two fragments
weighed 45.64 g
1959 04 07 Pribram, four enstatite chondrite [104]
Czechoslovakia meteorites totalling nearly
6 kg were found in the first
multiple-station photographic
triangulation (Ondrejov
Observatory) for a subsequent
search, one of which was found
only 12 m from the prediction;
the meteor was first detected
at altitude 98 km, peak
brightness at mag -19 at 55
km, and last light visible at
altitude 13.3 km
1962 04 26 Kiel, West Germany olivine-hypersthene chondrite [60]
fell early afternoon, hitting
roof of a house and making a
hole about 10 x 10 cm in size
and making a noise; stone
found in attic (weight 737.6
g); no known observations
of the fireball or acoustic
phenomena
1964 04 11 Muzzaffarpur, nickel-rich ataxite iron [55]
Bahrampur and Man meteorite fell at 17h local
Bishunpur districts, time as a luminous white ball
Bihar, India descending quickly with
thick, dark, black smoke,
with three nearly simultaneous
thunderous sounds heard; with
a hissing sound, a fragment
fell on cultivated land,
making a pit 13.5 cm deep and
9 cm in diameter; recovered
1 min of its fall and was said
to be hot enough to burn the
fingers (weighs 1.092 kg);
another 153-g stone fell 3 km
from the larger stone (and
further along the trajectory)
1965 12 24 Barwell, England two buildings and a car hit by [12]
by meteorites
1966 06 27 Saint-Severin, LL6 chondrite meteorite fell [101]
Charente, with detonations and whistling
Nouvelle-Aquitaine, sounds; a number of meteorites
France fell on the towns of Severin
and Allemans, the largest
weighing 113 kg; eight total
recovered stones weigh 271 kg
1967 09 02 Wiluna township, H4 Olivine-bronzite chondrite [102]
Western Australia fell at 10:46 p.m. local time;
490 individual fusion-crusted
stones and a large number of
fragments recovered (total
weight more than 150 kg)
1968 11 14 Juromenha, iron, nickel-rich ataxite [103]
Alandroal, Portugal meteorite fell in late
afternoon as a bolide; a
local man located 30 m from
the meteorite hole (0.8 m
deep) heard an enormous noise
accompanied by a great glow
similar to that of daylight;
25.2-kg meteorite at bottom
of hole
1969 02 08 Pueblito de Allende, largest carbonaceous chondrite [35]
Chihuahua, Mexico meteorite ever found; over two
tonnes (hundreds) of meteorites
collected; brilliant fireball
seen at 1:05 am local time,
lit up the sky and ground for
hundreds of miles; original
meteoroid estimated to be the
size of an automobile moving
towards the earth at 10 mi/sec
(16 km/sec); strewnfield
measures approx. 8 x 50 km;
1969 08 07 Andreevka, Olivine-hypersthene chondrite [88]
Slaviansky, Donetz fell about 7 p.m. local time;
Ukraine (then USSR) 0.6-kg meteorite made a hole
in a house's slate roof and
fell on the floor of the
garret, broken; the largest
fragment weighing 150 g is in
the Donets Museum of Regional
Studies.
1969 09 28 near Murchison, CM carbonaceous chondrites [75]
Victoria, fell at ca. 10:58 a.m. local
Australia time as a bright fireball
was observed to separate
into three fragments before
disappearing, leaving a
cloud of smoke; about 30 sec
later, a tremor was heard;
many fragments were found
scattered over an area
larger than 13 sq. km, with
individual masses up to 7 kg
(15 lb); one, weighing 680 g
(1.5 lb), broke through a
roof and fell in hay; the
total collected mass of the
meteorite exceeds 100 kg
(220 lb); more than 15 amino
acids have been identified
during multiple studies of
this meteorite that is rich
in organic compounds; one
of the most studied of all
meteorites
1970 01 03 Lost City, OK, USA bronzite chondrite meteorite [74]
seen as a fireball at 20:14
local time, comparable in
brightness to full moon,
widely observed with sonic
booms and thunder heard over
about 1000 sq km in NE
Oklahoma; 9-sec-duration
meteor photographed from four
SAO Prairie Network stations
in OK and KS; initial altitude
of visible meteor 86 km, end
altitude 19 km; four fragments
totalling 17 kg were found via
a dedicated search; Skip
Schwartz recovered a 9.83-kg
meteorite on the surface of a
dirt road about 700 m from the
predicted impact location; an
early meteorite find due to
photographic triangulation of
its fireball
1971 04 08 Wethersfield, CT, 12-ounce meteorite entered house [4, 12]
USA through roof, lodged in living-
room ceiling; ordinary chondrite;
less than two miles away, another
house was hit 11.5 yr later
1972 10 15 Valera, Trujillo, L5 ordinary chondrite fell [89]
Venezuela as a bright light
accompanied by a loud noise;
the next morning, two mean
discovered that a cow had
apparently been killed by a
falling stone; the stone had
broken into three pieces
weighing 38, 8, and 4 kg.
1974 08 18 village of Naragh, H6 Olivine-bronzite chondrite [70]
85 km SW of Teheran, fell at 18:30 local time;
Iran 2.7-kg meteorite fell through
the roof of a school, making a
hole about 90 cm in diameter;
there were no casualties
1976 03 08 Jilin City, Jilin, largest stony-meteorite shower [1, 12]
China in recent times; more than
100 fragments, the largest
being 1770 kg in weight and
making an impact crater 6 m deep;
H5 chondrite
1977 01 31 Louisville, KY, USA three buildings and a car hit by [12, 24]
meteorites
1977 02 05 13 km NE of L4-5 Olivine-hypersthene [90]
Innisfree, AB, chondrite seen as a fireball;
Canada 2.07-kg meteorite found on
snow 12 days later at the site
predicted from calculations
based on fireball photographs;
total weight of six stones and
fragments 3.79 kg found within
a 400 m x 500 m area; an early
meteorite find using
photographic-film cameras to
triangulate fall location
(center of strewnfield within
300 m of prediction)
1982 11 08 Wethersfield, CT, meteorite entered house through [4, 12,
USA roof; second house hit in same 26]
town in 11.5 years; L6 chondrite
1984 09 30 Binningup, WA, meteorite fell 4-5 m from two [12]
Australia sunbathers on soft beach sand
1984 12 10 Claxton, GA, USA mailbox hit by meteorite [12]
1986 07 29 Kokubunji, Japan several buildings hit by meteorites [12]
1986 09 11 Undulung, Yakutiya, L4 ordinary chondrite seen [91]
Russia falling by a helicopter crew
while in flight, as it landed
on a sand bar in the Undulung
River; the crew immediately
landed on the bar and found
a small, warm black stone,
broken into two parts of
97.7 and 15.7 g.
1991 03 26 Tahara, Tahara-machi, H5 ordinary chondrite fell ca. [92]
Japan 11-12 am onto the deck of a
ship that was loading Toyota
cars; the crew found meteorite
fragments spread out from two
impact dents in the steel
deck, the larger dent measuring
20 x 6.5 cm and 3 cm depth;
from the size of the impact
dent, the total weight was
estimated to more than 5 kg,
but most of it was thrown into
the ocean by the cleaning crew;
only about 1 kg are preserved;
no sound was heard
accompanying the fall
1991 08 31 Noblesville, IN, USA meteorite fell 3.5 m from two [5]
children outside; ordinary
stony chondrite
1992 08 14 Mbale, Uganda meteorite shower; boy hit on [6]
head by 3.6-g fragment after
it hit tree first
1992 10 09 Peekskill, NY, USA car hit by meteorite, which [7]
passed through steel trunk
and impacted ground underneath;
fireball widely visible and
imaged along east coast
1992 12 10 Mihonoseki, Honshu, 6.5-kg L6 ordinary chondrite [10]
Japan meteorite crashed through house
to ground
1994 06 14 St-Robert, QC, meteorite shower caused sonic [8]
Canada boom in Montreal; scattered
strewnfield in rural area;
more than 25 kg recovered;
H5 chondrite
1994 06 21 near Getafe, Spain 12-cm-wide, 1.4-kg meteorite [11]
broke windshield and bent
steering wheel of moving car,
breaking finger of driver;
more than 50 kg of meteorites
found within 200 m of accident
1995 02 18 Neagari, Nomi-gun, L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [93]
Ishikawa-ken, Japan 23:55 local time as a fireball
seen by numerous witnesses;
the next morning, a man found
a hole in the trunk of his car,
with meteorite fragments on and
inside the trunk (total
recovered mass 420 g); a
neighbor said that he had heard
a large noise during the night.
1995 09 07 Dong Ujimqin Qi, Mesosiderite meteorite fell [94]
Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, at 13:35 local time on a
China cloudless day; people heard
a tremendous sound and
observed black smoke;
Meteorites weighing 88.2 kg
(= 194 lbs), 38 kg, and 2.6
kg were recovered in a meadow
(total mass 128.8 kg = 284 lbs)
1996 10 21 Turtle Lake, L5 ordinary chondrite hit the [37]
Clayton, Barron windshield of a car parked
County, WI, USA outside a home, making a
grapefruit-sized fracture
in the windshield; two
fragments found weighing 89.3 g
1997 02 15 Juancheng, Shandong H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [95]
Province, China 23:23 Beijing time as a
shower of small stones (> 1000
fragments) fell near the
Yellow River after a brilliant
fireball with smoke and sparks
terminated in a loud,
resonating explosion; recovery
measured ca. 10.5 +/- 4.3 km;
the largest recovered piece
weighed 2.7 kg, and the total
mass is > 100 kg; one fragment
was reported to have penetrated
a roof and landed in a pot on
a stove.
1998 06 13 Portales Valley, H6 ordinary chondrite fell ca. [96]
Roosevelt County, 7:30 am local time, with
New Mexico, USA detonations were heard and
smoky trails seen in the sky;
a shower of meteorites, with
53 individual stones recovered
(total mass 71.4 kg); the
largest pieces weighed 16.5 kg
and 17.0 kg, and at least nine
others over 1 kg; a 530-g
fragment went through the roof
of a barn and embedded itself
in a wall
1998 06 20 Kunya-Urgench, H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [38, 97]
Dashkhowus Velayat, 17:25 local time, with a
Turkmenistan large bolide observed by
people in several villages,
and a loud whistling
followed by a crashing noise
was heard; a large mass
impacted 30-50 m from several
farmers in a cotton field,
creating a deep crater 6 m
wide and 4 m deep; a single
stone weighing ca. 900 kg
was recovered from the
crater, and 1000-1100 kg
(2200-2400 lbs) was
recovered in total; pre-entry
mass esimated at 1.5-2.5 tons
1999 09 26 Tsukushigaoka, CK4 Carbonaceous chondrite [98]
Kita-ku, Kobe, fell at 20:21 local time
Japan as a fireball widely observed,
and shortly afterwards a
detonation was heard; one
stone was recovered that
broke into 20 pieces after
penetrating the roof of a
house, much of the material
landing on a bed (total mass
136 g, with the largest
pieces weighing 64.9, 32.9,
and 13.6 g.
2002 02 20 San Michele, L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [39]
Pesaro Urbino, 6:45 am local time, hitting
Marche, Italy house roof and making a sound,
making a hole in the roof;
237-g meteorite found in loft
2002 07 21 Thuathe, Lesotho H4/5 ordinary chondrite fell in [99]
early afternoon, exploding
with an extraordinarily loud,
15-s-long noise that was heard
over a large (100-km radius)
area; sparkling objects and dust
trails seen as the fireball fell;
strewnfield 7.4 x 1.9 km; many
villagers reported falls of
stones close to themselves and
onto their homes; estimated
total mass of recovered material
is ca. 30 kg, including 418
stones in the range 2 g-2.4 kg
for a total of 24.673 kg (54 lb)
2003 03 26 suburban Chicago, meteorite shower; buildings [9]
IL, USA hit in Park Forest, IL;
ordinary chondrites
2003 09 23 New Orleans, LA, USA H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [100]
as an observed fireball at
16:05 local time; a meteorite
crashed through a two-story
home, as neighbors said that
they heard a "terrific noise";
the main mass of the
meteorite was found in the
crawl space under the house;
powdery meteorite debris and
fragments were found along
the penetration path
throughout the house; a total
mass of 19.256 kg was
recovered from the house, the
three largest fragments
weighing 2966, 1292, and 1001
g (additional material
weighing ca. 100 g was also
recovered in the surrounding
neighborhood.
2003 09 27 Mayurbhanj, bright fireball(s) lit up sky just [18]
Orissa, India after sunset; widely observed
meteorite shower yielding
numerous highly magnetic meteorites
2004 06 12 Ellerslie, suburban 1.3-kg (2.8-lb) 7-cm x 13-cm [19]
Auckland, N.Z. meteorite broke through roof of
house and bounced off sofa
2004 11 08 Orlando, FL, USA Achondrite meteorite hit the [40]
side of a house after bouncing
off the top of a car; a stone
weighing about 180 g was found
2006 07 14 Moss, Ostfold, Carbonaceous chondrite fell [41]
Norway as a bright fireball with a
loud explosing and rumbling
sound at 10:20 am local time;
five stones recovered, incl.
one weighing about 1500 g
that hit a fence and shattered,
one weighiing about 800 g that
hit concrete in an industrial
area and shattered, and one
weighing 676 g that penetrated
the roof of a building
2007 02 21 Mahadevpur, near H4/5 ordinary chondrite seen [42]
Namsai Town, falling by many people; at
Arunachal least four large fragments
Pradesh, India were found -- the largest about
60 kg; a 3.4-kg piece fell
through the roof of a house and
into the living room
2007 07 06 Santiago de Cali, H/L4 ordinary chondrite fell as [43]
Columbia a bright bolid widely seen
across Colombia; several
fragmentations seen as it was
breaking up in the atmosphere,
causing audible detonations
that shattered windows in the
town of Restrepo; ten stones
found in southern part of Cali,
seven of which had penetrated
roofs of houses.
2007 09 15 Carancas, Chucuito, H4-5 ordinary chondrite fell [22, 44]
Puno, Peru about 16:45 local time as
a large fireball, making a
crater about 11-14 m in
diameter; local residents and
many others recovered
numerous pieces of the impactor
from the sides of the crater
and the surrounding area.]
2007 09 22 San Juan de L5 ordinary chondrite hit the [45]
Ocotan, side of a house with a
Jalisco, Mexico crashing sound at 3 am;
resident went out to find a
1365-g smooth, fusion-crusted
stone about 12 x 10 cm in size
that was warm to the touch; it
had passed through a blue
tarpaulin and thick plastic
sheeting
2008 01 10 Sokoto, Nigeria Iron meteorite fell as an [46]
observed fireball around 10
am local time, accompanied by
a loud explosion; it destroyed
the roof of the house in Mana
Village, with a stone weighing
about 30 kg found 2 m deep in
the ground
2008 04 12 Xinglongquan, L3 ordinary chondrite fell at [47]
Hebei, China about 4 pm, making a loud
explosion at a house, inside of
which smelled something like
gunpowder; two main stones and
some other pieces were scattered
on the floor, with a hole on
the roof; largest meteorites
weighed about 900 and 700 g
2008 10 06 Nubian desert, 47 meteorites weighing 3.95 kg [23, 48]
northern Sudan were found in Dec. 2008 via a
(Almahata Sitta) systematic search along the
suspected debris path for the
small minor planet 2008 TC3,
discovered 20 hours prior to
impact by R. A. Kowalski with the
1.5-m telescope at Mt. Lemmon in
Arizona, when it was about 370000
miles from the earth; a bright
fireball was seen by airline
pilots and orbiting satellites
when the object entered the
earth's atmosphere; the largest
recovered meteorite weights 1.5 g
(classified as a polymict ureilite,
an achondrite)
2008 11 20 Buzzard Coulee, H4 ordinary chondrite fell at [49]
Wilton Rural 17:26 local time as a bright
Municipality, fireball seen across AB, SK,
SK, Canada and MB during late twilight;
abundant sonic phenomena were
reported (anomalous sounds,
explosion booms, sonic booms,
whirring sounds) and widely
recorded by Comprehensive Test
Ban Treaty infrasound stations,
indicating an original
meteoroid mass of about 10
tons; observations led to a
constrained search area in
which more than 100 individual
fragments were recovered in
the following two weeks
2009 03 01 Cartersville, L5 ordinary chondrite fell [50]
Georgia, USA through a roof and ceiling
and onto the floor of a
bedroom; sonic boom heard;
295-g meteorite is 6 cm long
2009 05 28 Karimati, Uttar L5 ordinary chondrite fell at [51]
Pradesh, India around noon with a roaring
sound; a blackish stone fell
near a wall of a house, 1.5 m
away from a resident, making
an oval pit in the ground
18 x 15 cm
2009 09 26 Grimsby, ON, Canada H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [52]
21:03 local time as a
brilliant fireball showing
three major bursts over SW
Ontario; imaging allowed
identification of a search
area; one 46-g individual
meteorite hit a parked
vehicle; thirteen fragments
found, totaling 215 g.
2010 01 18 Lorton, VA, USA L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [53]
5:45 pm local time as a fireball
near dusk, with some reports of
hearing a large detonation;
one 329.7-g stone of size
approx. 8 x 5 x 5 cm fell
through the roof and ceiling of
a physicians office building;
those inside the building
described hearing a sound akin
to bookshelves crashing to the
ground
2010 04 14 Mifflin, Iowa L5 ordinary chondrite fell at [54]
County, WI, USA 10:07 pm local time as a
bright fireball was seen by
numerous observers in parts of
WI, IA, and IL; heard locally
as large explosions; a 7.4-g
stone hit the metal roof of a
shed; more than 70 stones and
fragments (more than 3.5 kg)
recovered in the area within
a few weeks after the fall;
largest stone 332 g
2011 07 13 Draveil, H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [56]
Ile-del-France, 12:10 local time, hitting and
France making holes and dents in roofs;
5.2-kg stone found in a garden;
one stone reported to have
crashed through the windshield
of a car in Draveil.
2011 07 16 Thika, Kiambu L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [57]
County, Kenya around 10 am as a bright
fireball with multiple loud
explosions and loud screaming
noises, with ground shaking;
one piece about 2.5 kg in
weight landed within 1 m of a
woman tilling her field in
the village of Kihum Wiri;
two meteorites smashed through
greenhouses in Mwana Wikio and
one through a house in nearby
Muguga village; the largest
meteorite weighed 3.575 kg;
total known mass 14.2 kg,
totaling 14 meteorites
2012 02 11 Xining, QingHai, L5 ordinary chondrite fell at [58]
China about 1:30-2:00 pm with a
loud noise; ten stones found
by villagers, with the total
weight of the fall being more
than 100 kg (220 lbs); the
largest two stones are 17.3
and 12.5 kg.
2012 03 09 Oslo, Norway H3-6 ordinary chondrite fell [59]
with large sound; a 550-g
meteorite fell through a roof
roof and into a cabin and
split into two pieces; many
other stones were found, with
a 2.8-kg meteorite found in a
roof.
2013 02 15 Chelyabinsk, extremely bright fireball [20, 61]
south-central Russia (apparent brightness rivalling
that of the apparent brightness
of the sun) entered atmosphere
over Alaska and moving westward
toward Chelyabinsk, near its
termination point shortly before
sunrise, creating a huge airblast
shock that damaged thousands of
buildings in Chelyabinsk (mostly
broken glass) and injuring more
than 1000 people; LL5 ordinary
chondrite; thousands of stones
fell as a shower around villages
about 40 km S of Chelyabinsk;
the largest stones reached the
frozen soil 0.7-m deep; the
total recovered mass found by
local people is certainly >
100 kg and perhaps > 500 kg.
2013 04 19 Wolcott, CT, USA L5 ordinary chondrite fell [62]
shortly after 10 pm, when
a loud boom was heard
across southern Connecticut;
a man heard a loud noise
coming from his attic and
saw holes forming in his
dining room ceiling; he
found a hole in the roof,
a damaged copper pipe, and
a meteorite split into two
pieces (597 and 221 g).
2013 12 09 Parauapebas, H4-5 ordinary chondrite fell at [63]
Para, Brazil about 7 pm local time with a
bolide seen; a stone hit the
roof of a house with a loud
noise heard by the resident,
who was hit by debris from the
meteorite impacting the roof;
others in the area heard loud
thunder and a noise when the
stone penetrated the wooden
beam of their house, embedding
itself in the ground (the
collected stone was still
warm when immediately
collected).
2014 03 09 Jinju, H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [64]
Gyeongsangnam-do, 20:04 local time, observed as
South Korea a fireball in many places in
Korea and recorded by numerous
car-dashboard cameras; many
people heard a sonic boom;
a 9-kg meteorite was found by
a farmer after it made a hole
in his plastic greenhouse;
total mass found was 34 kg
2015 06 27 Famenin, H/L3 ordinary chondrite fell [65]
Hamadan, Iran around 8:30 am local time;
one resident heard the sound
of an impacting object onto
the roof of his house, and he
found roof damage and
fragments of a stone spread
on the roof
2015 07 30 Moshampa, Zanjan, LL5 ordinary chondrite fell [66]
Iran ca. 20:10-20:15 local time
as a very bright fireball
in the evening sky, with
thousands of reported sightings
and reports of very loud
sonic booms; a farmer heard
four loud booms and saw a
zig-zag shaped cloud in the
sky, and heard the sound of an
object falling into the wet
soil about 5-10 m away from
him; worried it might be
unexploded military ordnance,
he later heard other fireball
reports and realized that the
army and police were looking
for the object; he later
returned and found a 1554-g
stone buried about 20 cm deep
in a hole
2015 09 02 Saricicek, HED achondrite (Howardite) [67]
Bingol, Turkey fell as a bright bolide seen
and heard in Bingol province;
shortly after the fireball,
small meteorites were heard
raining down on houses in the
village of Saricicek; locals
found pea-sized meteorites on
the street and in yards;
over 340 meteorites found
2017 02 16 San Pedro de L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [71]
Uraba, 5:30 pm local time as a large
Antioquia, Colombia fireball with sonic booms in
northern Colombia; a meteorite
of weight 3.768 kg impacted
near a person on the edge of
a soccer field
2018 01 16 Hamburg, MI, USA H4 ordinary chondrite fell at [72]
ca. 20:10 local time as a
fireball observed and reported
by hundreds of people from
seven states, and registered
as a 2.0-magnitude earthquake;
some 20 meteorites were found
via searches based on imaging
data.
2018 06 01 Mangui, Yunnan, L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [73]
China ca. 9 pm with a fireball seen;
hundreds of pieces found;
one meteorite broke through a
farmer's silt-roofed house;
largest meteorite weighs 1.28 kg
2018 06 02 Central Kalahari impact of remains of asteroidal [29]
Game Reserve, object designated 2018 LA; second
Botswana asteroidal object discovered beyond
earth's atmosphere and known to
produce meteorites over land (near
a water hole called Motopi Pan;
23 meteorites recovered 21 days
after impact (i.e., June 23),
following a search based on an
observed fireball in the sky -- the
first meteorite found having a
weight of 17.2 g; estimated size of
rock prior to encounter with the
earth was about 156 cm
2018 09 26 Komaki, Chubu, L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [76]
Japan ca. 22:30 local time with a
detonating sound heard at a
private house in Komatsuji
where several fragments were
found on the roof and in the
garden; next door, a 550-g
stone penetrated the
roof of the carport, hit the
roof of the car, and came to
to rest in front of the
entrance door.
2019 02 01 Vinales, L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [77]
Pinar del Rio, 1:17 pm local time with a
Cuba bright bolide and a long smoke
trail; residents heard sonic
booms, explosions and then
ground rumbling lasting 15-20 s;
hundreds of pieces (totalling
ca/ 50-100 kg) were found
with masses in the range 2-1100
kg, one breaking through an
asphalt road, and many were
recovered from rooftops
2019 04 23 Aguas Zarcas, Carbonaceous chondrite fall [78]
Alajuela, at 21:07 local time via
Costa Rica observed fireball; one piece
weighing 1.152 kg crashed
through a house; a 280-g
piece hit a dog house; hundreds
of pieces recovered with a
total mass of ca. 27 kg.
2020 01 09 Zhob, Baluchistan, H3-4 ordinary chondrite fell at [79]
Pakistan ca. 6:30 pm local time via a
bright fireball followed by
sonic booms; shortly
thereafter, a stone fell
through a house in a local
village of the Mando Khel tribal
area; four fusion-crusted stones
found weighing 6.309, about 5.5,
4.924, and 2.231 kg.
2020 04 24 Gatuto, Kenya L6 ordinary chondrite fell at [80]
about 8:27 pm via a bright
trail in the sky, followed
about 5 minutes later by three
heard detonations and then
another longer sound ending
with a bang; one witness
saw an object impact his
maize garden 15 m away just
moments after hearing
detonations, creating a hole
1 m deep with a 6.14-kg
fusion-crusted stone; a woman
in a nearby village heard a
noise on the corrugated metal
roof, found a hole in the roof
and shattered rock on the
concrete floor; elsewhere, a
2.29-kg stone shredded bark
on a tree before falling next
to the tree; another stone > 8
kg was taken from its impact
hole behind a man's home
2020 07 02 Narashino, H5 ordinary chondrite fell at [81]
Kanto, Japan 2:32 am local time with a
bright fireball observed with
a detonating sound heard at an
apartment in Narashino city,
where a 63-g fragment was
found in the corridor and a
70-g piece was found in the
garden and 22 g on a terrace
of the same building; in
Funabashi city, a roofing tile
of an apartment was broken and
ten fragments totalling 184 g
were found on the ground with
roofing tile fragments
2020 08 01 Kolang, Sumatera Carbonaceous chondrite fell at [82]
Utara, Indonesia ca. 4 pm local time with
residents hearing loud booming
sounds that shook their
houses; single stone weighing
ca. 2.1 kg went through the
roof of a house and embedded
in the soil beside the house.
2020 08 19 Santa Filomena, H5-6 ordinary chondrite fell in [83]
Pernambuco, Brazil mid-morning as a bright
fireball that extinguished at
20.9 km altitude; a 38.2-g
piece was found about 7 km
outside the city; inside the
city, houses were hit by a
2.81-kg piece and a 1.5-kg piece
2021 01 28 Punggur, Lampung, H7-melt breccia meteorite [84]
Indonesia fell at 9:53 pm local time
with residents in southern
Sumatra hearing loud booms
that shook their houses; the
sonic boom was registered by
the Indonesia Tsunami Early
Warning System; a 2.2-kg
stone crashed through the roof
of a house; another
138-g fragment crashed through
a roof and landed on a bed;
and fragments weighing about
1.7 and 2.51 kg were
recovered from rice paddies
2021 10 04 Golden, BC, Canada L/LL5 ordinary chondrite fell at [85]
11:33 pm local time via a
bright fireball with flares
widely observed in SW Canada
and ID/WA states; loud booms
heard near Golden after the
fireball; a fist-sized 1270-g
meteorite punched through the
roof of a house in downtown
Golden, landing on a pillow
next to her head as she lay
in bed; a week later, a
second, 919-g fragment was
also found 1.32 km to the NNW
2022 05 20 Ponggo, Cagayan H3-5 ordinary chondrite fell at [86]
Valley, ca. 4 pm local time, with
Philippines people hearing three sonic
booms; a 2.4-kg stone struck a
house, crashing through two
layers of roof before smashing
a plastic plant pot into pieces
and creating a palm-sized
dent/crater on the concrete
floor
2022 07 10 Longde, Ningxia, L5 ordinary chondrite fell at [87]
China 10:14 p.m. local time, with
numerous people seeing a
bolide and hearing sonic
booms; numerous gray pieces
weighing ca. 800 g were found
on a dented driveway; a few
km away, a farmer heard a
ballistic sound that night
and noticed a huge hole on
one of his houses the next
morning, finding a single
45-kg stone
2023 01 20 Muskogee, OK, USA Bright fireball seen over OK and [109]
("Mvskoke Merkv") and surrounding states; with
terminationo about 21 km above
Muskogee at 3:38 am local time;
388-g ordinary L6 chrondrite
was embedded in a metal roof of
a barn; total mass of recovered
meteorites 1421 g.
2023 01 24 Maharashtra, India bright fireball seen, with one [110]
("Kopargaon") witness reporting seeing
bright objects falling from the
sky at a distance, accompanied
by a hissing sound; an ordinary
LL5 chrondrite meteorite fell
through a metal of a house around
6:50 am local time, shattering
into several fragments after
hitting a bedroom floor and
leaving an impact scar; many
meteorites were found with a
total mass of about 1000 g.
2023 02 13 Normandy, France impact of remains of asteroidal [30]
object designated 2023 CX_1;
third asteroidal object discovered
beyond earth's atmosphere and
known to produce meteorites over
land; meteorite of size about
5 cm x 3 cm found a couple of
days later in a field in the town
of Saint-Pierre-le-Viger (Seine
Maritime), France, by a search
team led by P. Jenniskens, after
a bright fireball was seen moving
over the English Channel from
southern England and northern
France; twelve meteorites totaling
206 g in weight were found as of
2023 Feb. 22 (the largest three
weighing 92.6, 23.8, and 23.6 g)
-- with half found just northwest
of the village of Angiens and half
found just to the southeast of the
village (meaning that some likely
fell onto the village itself)
2023 02 14 Matera, Italy meteorite hit balcony near Matera, [106]
Italy, in the early evening;
bright bolide seen by many
observers in southern Italy
coming from the northeast, as well
as by the PRISMA camera network;
12 sizeable fragments totalling
70 g were found in the general area
2023 05 08 Hopewell Township, metal-like meteorite about 6 inches [107]
NJ, USA x 4 inches in size penetrated the
roof of a house around 1 p.m.
local time, passing through the
ceiling and breaking the wood
floor of a room
2024 01 21 Havelland, Germany Several tens of meteorites found [108]
with masses ranging from 2 to 225
grams after search for impact of
minor planet 2024 BX_1 with the
earth only 2.7 hours after
discovery during a regular survey
for near-earth objects by K.
Sarneczky in Hungary; bright
fireball was extensively
photographed in north-central Europe
----------
REFERENCES
----------
[1] Yau et al. (1994), Meteoritics 29, 864
[2] Fessenkov (1955), "Sikhote-Aline Meteorite", in Meteors (ed. by T. R. Kaiser, Pergamon Press, London), p. 179; Gallant (1997), Sky Telesc. 93(2), 50; website with info
[3] Swindel and Jones (1954), Meteoritics 1, 125
[4] di Cicco (1983), Sky Telesc. 65, 118;
[5] Sky Telesc. 83, 372 (April 1992)
[6] website with info; Jenniskens et al. (1994), Meteoritics 29, 246; Sky & Telescope, June 1993, p. 96
[7] Brown et al. (1994), Nature 367, 624; di Cicco (1993), Sky Telesc. 85(2), 26; Z. Ceplecha et al. (1996), *Earth, Moon, Planets* 72, 395-404. See photos as website URL https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/meteorites/building-planets/peekskill-meteorite
[8] Brown et al. (1996), Meteoritics & Planetary Sci. 31, 502; Hildebrand et al. (1997), J. Roy. Astron. Soc. Canada 91, 261
[9] http://www.fmnh.org/research_collections/geology/meteor.htm
[10] Sky Telesc. 86(2), 13 (Aug. 1993)
[11] Sky Telesc. 88(6), 12 (Dec. 1994)
[12] Spratt and Stephens (1992), Mercury, Mar./Apr. 1992, p. 50; Spratt (1991), JRASC 85, 263
[13] Nininger (1952), Out of the Sky: An Introduction to Meteorites, Univ. of Denver Press; centennial-anniversary article posted at website URL https://www.coloradoan.com/story/life/2024/07/24/100-years-later-the-meteorite- that-interrupted-a-northern-colorado-funeral-celebrates-its-centennial/74408872007/
[14] Gritzner (1997), WGN 25, 222
[15] Sekanina (1983), A.J. 88, 1382; Melosh (1993), Nature 361, 14; Lyne and Tauber (1995) Nature 375, 638; Sekanina (1998), Planet. Space Sci. 46, 191; Bronshten (2000), Planet. Space Sci. 48, 855; Hou et al. (2000), Planet. Space Sci. 48, 1447; P. L. Brown (1973), Comets, Meteorites and Men (New York, NY: Taplinger Publ. Co.), pp. 192-197; D. Steel (1995), Rogue Asteroids and Doomsday Comets (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons), pp. 173-176; D. Steel (2000), Target Earth (Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest), pp. 86-87; F. L. Whipple (1962), Trans. IAU X1A, p. 215; R. L. Waterfield (1938), A Hundred Years of Astronomy (New York: MacMillan Co.), pp. 482-485.
[16] Yamamoto and Murayama (1951), Pop. Astron. 59, 431, 432
[17] LaPaz (1951), Pop. Astron. 59, 433
[18] CCNet reports
[19] Aug. 2004 issue of Meteorite, article by Brenda Archer; Summer 2005 issue of Inside Smithsonian Research (No. 9, p. 16), article by John Barrat; video of the aftermath; also numerous WWW news articles, such as http://www.geo-earth.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t2490.html (do a Google search with +"Brenda Archer" +meteorite).
[20] See this webpage and CBET 3423. With standard caution, see the the Wikipedia article on this event; also website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteor. Information has been compiled at this website.
[21] Elements of Astronomy, Descriptive and Physics, by Hervey Wilbur (1839, New York: Scofield and Voorhies; and Boston: Whipple and Damrell), pp. 106-107.
[22] J. Borovicka and P. Spurny (2008), Astron. Astrophys. 485, L1; G. Tancredi et al. (2009), Meteoritics & Planetary Sci. 44, 1967. With standard caution, see also the Wikipedia article on this event.
[23] P. Jenniskens et al. (2009), Nature 458, 485-488 (26 March).
[24] A. L. Graham and R. S. Clarke, Jr., eds. (1978), "The Meteoritical Bulletin" No. 55, in Meteoritics 13, 341.
[25] L. LaPaz (1958), "The Effects of Meteorites Upon the Earth", Adv. in Geophys. 4, 217ff.
[26] J. S. Lewis (1996), Rain of Iron and Ice (New York, NY: Addison Wesley Publishing Co.), pp. 162-182.
[27] A. V. Nielsen (1968), "Catalogue of Bright Meteors", Meddelelser fra Ole Romer-Observatoriet, No. 39 (Aarhus, Denmark).
[28] "Little Thing Like a Meteor Fails to Discourage Bride", New York Times, 1929 Dec. 8, page E1.
[29] "2018 LA", CBET 4519. Also Jenniskens et al. (2021), Meteoritics & Planetary Science 56(4), 844.
[30] "2023 CX1", CBET 5221. Also French postings at vigie-ciel.org and https://www.vigie-ciel.org/2023/02/22/meteorites-normandes-bilan-dune-folle-semaine/.
[31] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=71138
[32] website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Aigle_(meteorite)
[33] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=59522
[34] website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_County_(meteorite)
[35] website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allende_meteorite
[36] the prototypical example of the Nakhlite-type meteorite of the SNC Group of Mars meteorites; it is speculated that this meteorite was formed about 1.3B years ago at a volcano on Mars, somehow ejected into space before landing on the earth; the dog story is not substantiated; website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhla_meteorite
[37] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=47343
[38] website URL https://www.meteorite-recon.com/portfolio_page/kunya-urgench
[39] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=31315
[40] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=34489
[41] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=36592
[42] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=47361
[43] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=45976
[44] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=45817
[45] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=62608
[46] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=67601
[47] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=62494
[48] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=48915
[49] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=48654
[50] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=62516
[51] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=68598
[52] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=50911
[53] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=52843
[54] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=52090
[55] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=3DNormal%20table&code=16885
[56] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal table&code=58385
[57] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=54493
[58] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=57470
[59] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=72530
[60] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12301
[61] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal table&code=57165
[62] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=60306
[63] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal table&code=68520
[64] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=60214
[65] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal table&code=62545
[66] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=62727
[67] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=62806
[68] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=5307
[69] website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abee_(meteorite)
[70] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=16909
[71] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=67598
[72] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=66772
[73] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal table&code=67794
[74] R. E. McCrosky et al. (1971), NASA publication CR-117036; website URL https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710010847/downloads/19710010847.pdf
[75] website URL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murchison_meteorite
[76] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=68868
[77] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=69213
[78] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=69696
[79] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=71596
[80] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=72450
[81] CBET 4810; also website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?&pnt=Normal%20table&code=72653
[82] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=72607
[83] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=72652
[84] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=74066
[85] website URLs https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=78422 and https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/meteorite-crashes-into-womans-bedroom-golden-bc-1.6207904
[86] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=78556
[87] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=78154
[88] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=2296
[89] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=24149
[90] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12039
[91] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=24121
[92] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=23784
[93] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=16934
[94] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=7706
[95] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12203
[96] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=18874
[97] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12379
[98] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12336
[99] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=23976
[100] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=16960
[101] website URLs https://www.mindat.org/loc-270562.html and https://encyclopedia-of-meteorites.com/meteorite?id=23102
[102] G. J. H. McCall and P. M. Jeffery (1970), Mineralogical Magazine 37, 880-887; website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=24281
[103] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?pnt=Normal%20table&code=12213
[104] F. L. Whipple (1962), Trans. IAU X1A, p. 214.
[105] Unsalan et al. (2020), Meteoritics and Planet. Sci. 55(4), 886ff (via website URL https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/maps.13469); also https://www.newsweek.com/first-solid-evidence-someone-killed-meteorite-scientists-1500452
[106] website URL https://www.fripon.org/valentines-day-meteorite-found-after-fireball-observation-by-prisma/
[107] website URL https://planetprinceton.com/2023/05/08/police-in-hopewell-say-object-that-struck-house-is-probably-a-meteorite/
[108] website URL http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/005300/CBET005343.txt (CBETs 5334, 5343)
[109] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=81832
[110] website URL https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=81067
[111] Charles P. Olivier (1925). Meteors (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co.), pp. 238ff.
[list above compiled and updated by D. W. E. Green at Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (prior to 2010) and at Harvard University (since 2010)]
See also the Wikipedia list
Cometary Science Center/Archive
